{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1792670477131,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"This study aimed to establish whether the bacterial density of spontaneous sputum is affected by the time and mode of sample storage. Ten patients with bronchiectasis collected all sputum expectorated over 45 min. The samples were aliquoted and processed at 25\u2005\u00b0C for qualitative and quantitative bacteriology at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h from expectoration. Further aliquots were stored at 25\u2005\u00b0C, 4\u2005\u00b0C and \u221220\u2005\u00b0C for 24 and 48\u2005h prior to processing. The species present was identified and median (interquartile range) sputum log10<\/jats:sub> bacterial density (c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>) calculated. All samples cultured grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and for two patients Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> additionally grew for all samples. There was no significant difference in P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> density in samples processed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h following expectoration [8.2 (7.8\u20138.3) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 8.0 (7.8\u20138.3) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 8.0 (7.9\u20138.2) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 8.1 (7.9\u20138.2) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively, P<\/jats:italic>=0.392]. Storage for 24 and 48 h at 4\u2005\u00b0C did not significantly change the bacterial load compared with processing at 1 h [8.03 (7.6\u20138.2) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.07, and 7.96 (7.49\u20138.22) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.09, respectively]. Storage for 24 and 48 h at \u221220\u2005\u00b0C significantly reduced P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> density [7.1 (6.1\u20137.7) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.005, and 6.9 (6.2\u20137.6) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.008, respectively]. Storage at 25\u2005\u00b0C for 24 and 48 h was associated with a significant increase in bacterial load [8.3 (8.1\u20138.6) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.009, and 8.4 (8.1\u20138.5) c.f.u. ml\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P<\/jats:italic>=0.03, respectively]. Bacterial density was not affected by storage for up to 6 h following expectoration at 25\u2005\u00b0C; beyond this, storage at 4\u2005\u00b0C is preferred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016683-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T01:07:09Z","timestamp":1269565629000},"page":"829-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Do processing time and storage of sputum influence quantitative bacteriology in bronchiectasis?"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Maeve P.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Group, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R. W.","family":"Govan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Group, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam T.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.1.15","article-title":"Bacterial colonisation in patients with bronchiectasis: microbiological pattern and risk factors","volume":"57","author":"Angrill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9910086","article-title":"Tobramycin solution for inhalation reduces sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in bronchiectasis","volume":"162","author":"Barker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1503","article-title":"Addition of inhaled tobramycin to ciprofloxacin for acute exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adult bronchiectasis","volume":"130","author":"Bilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E099","article-title":"Inhaled tobramycin in non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"39","author":"Drobnic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081601","article-title":"Lung function in bronchiectasis: the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.5.846-849.1988","article-title":"Sputum gram stain assessment in community-acquired bacteremic pneumonia","volume":"26","author":"Gleckman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.8.684","article-title":"Does storage of sputum specimens adversely affect culture results?","volume":"49","author":"Gould","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00248102","article-title":"A randomised clinical trial of nebulised tobramycin or colistin in cystic fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Hodson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S019594170005534X","article-title":"Ordering patterns, collection, transport, and screening of sputum cultures in a community hospital: evaluation of methods to improve results","volume":"2","author":"Jacobson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect Control"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00003709","article-title":"Mortality in bronchiectasis: a long-term study assessing the factors influencing survival","volume":"34","author":"Loebinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0490","article-title":"Factors associated with lung function decline in adult patients with stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"132","author":"Martinez-Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.9-2-164","article-title":"Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198206000-00001","article-title":"Computed tomography of bronchiectasis","volume":"6","author":"Naidich","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.8.719","article-title":"Simple method for quantifying viable bacterial numbers in sputum","volume":"48","author":"Pye","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.051490","article-title":"Effect of storage and postage on recovery and quantitation of bacteria in sputum samples","volume":"61","author":"Pye","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081754","article-title":"Effect of sputum bacteriology on the quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-17-2-113","article-title":"Selective media for the quantitation of bacteria in cystic fibrosis sputum","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.016683-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T15:29:15Z","timestamp":1601479755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.016683-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.016683-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]}}}