{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:27:18Z","timestamp":1791109638486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>small-colony variants (SCVs) in the pathogenesis of biofilm-associated infections remains unclear. This study investigated the mechanism behind increased biofilm-forming potential of a menadione-auxotrophic<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>SCV compared with the wild-type parental strain, as recently reported by our laboratory. SCVs displayed an autoaggregative phenotype, with a greater amount of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), significantly reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and a decreased susceptibility to aminoglycosides and cell-wall inhibitors compared with wild-type. The biofilms formed by the SCV were highly structured, consisting of large microcolonies separated by channels, and contained more biomass as well as significantly more PIA than wild-type biofilms. The surface hydrophobicity of the two phenotypes was similar. Thus, the autoaggregation and increased biofilm-forming capacity of menadione-auxotrophic<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>SCVs in this study was related to the enhanced production of PIA in these variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.017046-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T02:52:20Z","timestamp":1264733540000},"page":"521-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Enhanced production of exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm by a menadione-auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variant"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Rachna","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anindita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.8.2.142-147.1978","article-title":"Human infections caused by thiamine- or menadione-requiring Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"8","author":"Acar","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00160-07","article-title":"Augmented expression of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in a defined Staphylococcus epidermidis mutant with the small-colony-variant phenotype","volume":"189","author":"Al Laham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01369-06","article-title":"Characterization of colony morphology variants isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms","volume":"189","author":"Allegrucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01510-06","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants in cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"45","author":"Besier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.5.603","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility to antibiotic killing of a stable small colony variant of Staphylococcus aureus in fluid phase and on fibronectin-coated surfaces","volume":"39","author":"Chuard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R6","article-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ; 16th Informational Supplement","year":"2006"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.4079-4085.2001","article-title":"Anaerobic conditions induce expression of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"69","author":"Cramton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/416740a","article-title":"Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation","volume":"416","author":"Drenkard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.010","article-title":"Survival strategies of infectious biofilms","volume":"13","author":"Fux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05069-0","article-title":"Highly adherent small-colony variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection","volume":"52","author":"Haussler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02548.x","article-title":"Molecular basis of intercellular adhesion in the biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"20","author":"Heilmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R13","first-page":"81","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume-title":"In Biofilms, Infection, and Antimicrobial Therapy","author":"Higashi","year":"2006"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09643.x","article-title":"What drives bacteria to produce a biofilm?","volume":"236","author":"Jefferson","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R15","first-page":"119","article-title":"Bacterial\u2013bacterial cell interactions in biofilms: detection of polysaccharide intercellular adhesins by blotting and confocal microscopy","volume":"341","author":"Jefferson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4119-4126.2005","article-title":"Thymidine-dependent Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants are associated with extensive alterations in regulator and virulence gene expression profiles","volume":"73","author":"Kahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44390-0","article-title":"The role of iron in the activation\u2013inactivation of aconitase","volume":"258","author":"Kennedy","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4809-4821.2005","article-title":"Characterization of colony morphology variants isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"71","author":"Kirisits","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6351","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00505-08","article-title":"A defect in menadione biosynthesis induces global changes in gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"190","author":"Kohler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.1.64-76.2006","article-title":"Transcription of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants isolated from cystic fibrosis patients is influenced by SigB","volume":"188","author":"Moisan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00688.x","article-title":"ica and beyond: biofilm mechanisms and regulation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"270","author":"O'Gara","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75418-3_10","article-title":"Staphylococcal biofilms","volume-title":"In Bacterial Biofilms","author":"Otto","year":"2008"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.1.21-26.1998","article-title":"Surface properties of bifidobacterial strains of human origin","volume":"64","author":"Perez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1086\/514706","article-title":"Small colony variants in staphylococcal infections: diagnostic and therapeutic implications","volume":"27","author":"Proctor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.1.95","article-title":"Persistent and relapsing infections associated with small-colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"20","author":"Proctor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1086\/514906","article-title":"Staphylococcal small colony variants have novel mechanisms for antibiotic resistance","volume":"27","author":"Proctor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1384","article-title":"Small colony variants: a pathogenic form of bacteria that facilitates persistent and recurrent infections","volume":"4","author":"Proctor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.009720-0","article-title":"Role of persisters and small-colony variants in antibiotic resistance of planktonic and biofilm-associated Staphylococcus aureus : an in vitro study","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00119-09","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa rugose small-colony variants have adaptations that likely promote persistence in the cystic fibrosis lung","volume":"191","author":"Starkey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02112.x","article-title":"Observations of cell cluster hollowing in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms","volume":"44","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5428-5437.2002","article-title":"Increased expression of clumping factor and fibronectin-binding proteins by hemB mutants of Staphylococcus aureus expressing small colony variant phenotypes","volume":"70","author":"Vaudaux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1086\/516962","article-title":"Recovery of small colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus following gentamicin bead placement for osteomyelitis","volume":"25","author":"von Eiff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.9.2967-2973.2005","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin production significantly increases during tricarboxylic acid cycle stress","volume":"187","author":"Vuong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-7-2407","article-title":"The effects of adherence to silicone surfaces on antibiotic susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"143","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.017046-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T02:34:27Z","timestamp":1634783667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.017046-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.017046-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]}}}