{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:01:37Z","timestamp":1777564897486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The intracellular Gram-negative pathogen <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> is the causative agent of tularaemia and is prevalent in many countries in the northern hemisphere. To determine whether the common marmoset (<jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>) would be a suitable non-human primate model of inhalational tularaemia, a pathophysiology study was undertaken. Ten animals were challenged with \u223c10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2005c.f.u. <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic> strain SCHU S4 (<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>tularensis<\/jats:italic>). To look for trends in the infection, pairs of animals were sacrificed at 24\u2005h intervals between 0 and 96\u2005h post-challenge and blood and organs were assessed for bacteriology, pathology and haematological and immunological parameters. The first indication of infection was a raised core temperature at 3\u2005days post-challenge. This coincided with a number of other factors: a rapid increase in the number of bacteria isolated from all organs, more pronounced gross pathology and histopathology, and an increase in the immunological response. As the disease progressed, higher bacterial and cytokine levels were detected. More extensive pathology was observed, with multifocal lesions seen in the lungs, liver and spleen. Disease progression in the common marmoset appears to be consistent with human clinical and pathological features of tularaemia, indicating that this may be a suitable animal model for the investigation of novel medical interventions such as vaccines or therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.020669-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,18]],"date-time":"2010-06-18T02:11:23Z","timestamp":1276827083000},"page":"1107-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization of lethal inhalational infection with Francisella tularensis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Lever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Javier","family":"Salguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. H.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"584","article-title":"Pulmonary tularemia. A report of five cases and consideration of pathogenesis and terminology","volume":"95","author":"Avery","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20011201)45:4<294::AID-CYTO10002>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"An extensive monoclonal antibody panel for the phenotyping of leukocyte subsets in the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin","volume":"45","author":"Brok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(03)00046-9","article-title":"Experimental tularemia in mice challenged by aerosol or intradermally with virulent strains of Francisella tularensis : bacteriologic and histopathologic studies","volume":"34","author":"Conlan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.01.022","article-title":"Molecular immunology of experimental primary tularemia in mice infected by respiratory or intradermal routes with type A Francisella tularensis","volume":"45","author":"Conlan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.21.2763","article-title":"Tularemia as a biological weapon \u2013 medical and public health management","volume":"285","author":"Dennis","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400041851","article-title":"A mobile form of the Henderson apparatus","volume":"67","author":"Druett","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.631-646.2002","article-title":"Tularemia","volume":"15","author":"Ellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198507000-00006","article-title":"Tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases","volume":"64","author":"Evans","year":"1985","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R9","first-page":"61","article-title":"Tularemia pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Gill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.03.071","article-title":"Efficacy of the live attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine (LVS) in a murine model of disease","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01176-08","article-title":"Infected-host-cell repertoire and cellular response in the lung following inhalation of Francisella tularensis Schu S4, LVS, or U112","volume":"76","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"104","article-title":"Nonhuman primates are relevant models for research in haematology, immunology and virology","volume":"16","author":"Herodin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350260093033","article-title":"Tularemia and rhabdomyolysis","volume":"253","author":"Kaiser","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01215.x","article-title":"The proportion of circulating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells increases after the first week of onset of tularaemia and remains elevated for more than a year","volume":"120","author":"Kroca","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2008.00581.x","article-title":"Experimental respiratory anthrax infection in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )","volume":"89","author":"Lever","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30021-0","article-title":"Clinicopathologic aspects of bacterial agents","volume":"21","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2008.00631.x","article-title":"Establishment of lethal inhalational infection with Francisella tularensis (tularemia) in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus )","volume":"90","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2107-2114.1998","article-title":"Expansion of V \u03b3 9V \u03b4 2 T cells is triggered by Francisella tularensis -derived phosphoantigens in tularemia but not after tularemia vaccination","volume":"66","author":"Poquet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00180-1","article-title":"Tularemia in a common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) diagnosed by 16S rRNA sequencing","volume":"61","author":"Posthaus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R20","first-page":"702","article-title":"Tularemia vaccine study","volume":"107","author":"Saslaw","year":"1961","journal-title":"II. Respiratory challenge. Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.7.2779-2783.1994","article-title":"Neutrophils are critical for host defense against primary infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis in mice and participate in defense against reinfection","volume":"62","author":"Sj\u00f6stedt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008035","article-title":"Re-emergence of Francisella tularensis in Germany: fatal tularaemia in a colony of semi-free-living marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus )","volume":"135","author":"Splettstoesser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.6.2554-2558.1992","article-title":"Predominant expansion of V \u03b3 9\/V \u03b4 2 T cells in a tularemia patient","volume":"60","author":"Sumida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100100775","article-title":"Bronchial changes in airborne tularemia","volume":"100","author":"Syrjala","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"R25","first-page":"276","article-title":"Serum biochemical, hematological and body measurement data for common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus jacchus )","volume":"34","author":"Yarbrough","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.020669-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T14:39:42Z","timestamp":1601476782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.020669-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.020669-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]}}}