{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:27:39Z","timestamp":1761128859766},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n Rhizopus oryzae<\/jats:italic> is the most frequent causative agent of zygomycosis. Although zygomycosis causes considerable morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, the epidemiology of the disease is not well studied and no standard molecular typing method has been described for any of the causative agents. Here we describe a multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) method for R. oryzae<\/jats:italic>. R. oryzae<\/jats:italic> genome sequences were downloaded from the Fungal Genome Initiative database (Broad Institute). The intergenic regions and ORFs of approximately 5.7\u2005Mb were screened for repeat regions with the help of the online repeat search tool Repeat Masker. Of the 30 microsatellite loci identified, 3 microsatellites [RO3, (CCT)\n n<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>; RO4, (TA)\n n<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>; and RO8, (GAA)(GGA)\n n<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>] were selected after validation of the ability to amplify them and their size variation in 8 randomly selected clinical isolates of R. oryzae<\/jats:italic>. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these loci demonstrated polymorphism in the microsatellite repeat number. The capabilities of these microsatellite loci were assessed for strain differentiation on 30 clinical isolates, based on fragment size determination in an automated capillary electrophoresis using fluorescent labelled primers. These three polymorphic microsatellite loci were found to have good discriminatory power (D<\/jats:italic>) (RO3, D<\/jats:italic>=0.846; RO4, D<\/jats:italic>=0.747; RO8, D<\/jats:italic>=0.742; with a combined D<\/jats:italic>=0.986) and stability for seven subcultures. It was also confirmed that the MLMT method may be applied to both R. oryzae<\/jats:italic> and Rhizopus delemar<\/jats:italic> (a proposed new species), although MLMT analysis could not differentiate them into two clusters. The MLMT system, described here for what is believed to be the first time for a zygomycotic fungus, holds promise as a powerful tool for the strain typing of R. oryzae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023002-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,20]],"date-time":"2010-08-20T02:25:20Z","timestamp":1282271120000},"page":"1449-1455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multilocus microsatellite typing for Rhizopus oryzae"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Baghela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Thungapathra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Shivaprakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2007.11832535","article-title":"Rhizopus delemar is the proper name for Rhizopus oryzae fumaric-malic acid producers","volume":"99","author":"Abe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00164-07","article-title":"Characterization of a novel gene for strain typing reveals substructuring of Aspergillus fumigatus across North America","volume":"6","author":"Balajee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5265-5266.2003","article-title":"Collaborative consensus for optimized multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans","volume":"41","author":"Bougnoux","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500464930","article-title":"The rising trend of invasive zygomycosis in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus","volume":"44","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.076463","article-title":"Invasive zygomycosis in India: experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"85","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med 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