{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:59:02Z","timestamp":1793372342553,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As the causative agent of cholera, the bacterium<jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>represents an enormous public health burden, especially in developing countries around the world. Cholera is a self-limiting illness; however, antibiotics are commonly administered as part of the treatment regimen. Here we review the initial identification and subsequent evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps, spontaneous chromosomal mutation, conjugative plasmids, SXT elements and integrons, are also discussed. Numerous multidrug-resistant strains of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>have been isolated from both clinical and environmental settings, indicating that antibiotic use has to be restricted and alternative methods for treating cholera have to be implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023051-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T01:17:46Z","timestamp":1295572666000},"page":"397-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Kitaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Unterweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pukatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of V. cholerae in north west, Ethiopia","volume":"48","author":"Abera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0885","article-title":"Distribution of class I integron and sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim constin in Vibrio cholerae isolated from 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