{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T10:04:54Z","timestamp":1746007494084},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our previous studies have suggested that <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms are able to pass through the placental barrier of mice from the maternal side to the fetal body and affect fetal growth and development, but little is known about the direct influence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms on embryos during the critical period of organogenesis. Mouse embryos at gestational day 8.5 were cultured <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for 48 h with 0, 50, 100, 200 or 400 c.f.u. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. At the end of the culture period, the mouse embryos were assessed morphologically for viability, growth and development. Bacteriological and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the existence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms in embryonic tissues. We found that both crown\u2013rump length and head length of mouse embryos exposed to <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms at a concentration of 50 c.f.u. ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> were reduced. When the mouse embryos were exposed to 100, 200 or 400 c.f.u. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, the total morphological score, number of somites, dry embryo weight, yolk sac diameter, crown\u2013rump length and head length were significantly lower than those of the control group. With the increased concentration of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms in the culture medium, there were fewer normally developed embryos and more embryos with abnormalities or retardation in growth. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms detected by Gram-staining and immunohistochemical detection of antigen were found in the tissues of embryos infected by <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms. These data suggest that <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> L-forms exert a direct teratogenic effect on cultured mouse embryos <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.045955-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,8]],"date-time":"2013-02-08T07:42:35Z","timestamp":1360309355000},"page":"677-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Teratogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus L-forms using a mouse whole-embryo culture model"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"},{"name":"Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-ming","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong-sen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"},{"name":"Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-chang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"},{"name":"Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Bacterial persistence in vivo: resistance or tolerance to antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Acar","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000298344.04916.11"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01139.x"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/60.2.234","article-title":"Staining of bacteria in tissue sections: a reliable Gram stain method","volume":"60","author":"Brown","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2141311a0"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-976551"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.8.681"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.320","article-title":"Bacterial persistence and expression of disease","volume":"10","author":"Domingue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2011.08.012"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000175142.79347.12"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2010.07.011"},{"key":"r12","first-page":"155","article-title":"Latency and persistence","volume-title":"Cell Wall Deficient Forms: Stealth Pathogens","author":"Mattman","year":"2001"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m61-084"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2010.04.013"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80123-X"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2008.04.008"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1978.tb00993.x"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1095179"},{"key":"r19","first-page":"17","article-title":"Culture of early somite mouse embryos during organogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Sadler","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379022"},{"key":"r21","first-page":"895","article-title":"Postimplantation mouse development: whole embryo culture and micro-manipulation","volume":"42","author":"Tam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(91)90037-M"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.072314"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(90)90037-T"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/5.3.239"},{"key":"r26","first-page":"329","article-title":"A review of the contribution of whole embryo culture to the determination of hazard and risk in teratogenicity testing","volume":"41","author":"Webster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"r27","first-page":"56","article-title":"A study on vertical transmission Staphylococcus aureus L-forms infection in mice with nucleic acid hybridization in situ","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin J Zoonoses"},{"key":"r28","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Immune function on mouse offspring vertical infected by Staphylococcus aureus L-forms","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Zoonoses"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.045955-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T03:13:00Z","timestamp":1601608380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.045955-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.045955-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]}}}