{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:48:56Z","timestamp":1773751736738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A case of disseminated cryptococcosis caused by <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic> is presented in a male diabetic who had AIDS. The diagnosis was based upon the isolation and identification of the aetiological agent from a lymph-node biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum. The isolate formed spherical, encapsulated yeast cells, produced cherry-brown colonies on niger-seed agar, grew on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) medium, changing its colour from greenish yellow to blue, and hydrolysed urea weakly in the presence of 100 \u03bcM EDTA. The strain was unable to assimilate <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-proline and, serologically, it was untypable. The identity of the isolate as <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic>, serotype A, possessing a mating-type allele A\u03b1, was confirmed by crossing with standard laboratory test strains and by performing PCR with the mating-type \u03b1 allele-specific primer of the <jats:italic>STE12<\/jats:italic> gene and with serotype (A and D)- and mating type (a and \u03b1)-specific primers of the <jats:italic>STE20<\/jats:italic> gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient caused by a canavanine-resistant strain of <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic>, serotype A, possessing mating type allele A\u03b1; the strain is probably a hybrid. The report suggests that, in the absence of a clear-cut serotyping result, a positive CGB reaction alone is not sufficient for intervarietal discrimination and additional confirmatory evidence is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05097-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T01:42:25Z","timestamp":1046914945000},"page":"271-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disseminated cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient caused by a canavanine-resistant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Z.U.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait 2Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait 3Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Al-Anezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait 2Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait 3Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait 2Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait 3Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait 2Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait 3Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"H1-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818241","author":"Casadevall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans"},{"key":"H2-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.5.2007-2009.2000","article-title":"Direct PCR of Cryptococcus neoformans MAT \u03b1 and MAT a pheromones to determine mating type, ploidy, and variety: a tool for epidemiological and molecular pathogenesis studies","volume":"38","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"H3-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.5225-5235.2002","article-title":"Molecular genetic analyses of mating pheromones reveal intervariety mating or hybridization in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"70","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"H4-12","first-page":"770","article-title":"Predictive value of CD4 lymphocyte numbers for the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies in HIV-infected persons","volume":"4","author":"Crowe","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"H5-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158562","article-title":"The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"8","author":"Ellis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"H6-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.838-840.1999","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii : separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates","volume":"37","author":"Franzot","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"H7-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.4.671","article-title":"Cavitary pulmonary lesions in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"22","author":"Gallant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"H8-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.2920-2926.1999","article-title":"Presence of \u03b1 and a mating types in environmental and clinical collections of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii strains from Australia","volume":"37","author":"Halliday","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"H9-12","first-page":"279","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in Kuwait. 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