{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:39:21Z","timestamp":1762864761547},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Candida dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>is an emerging pathogen capable of causing oropharyngeal, vaginal and bloodstream infections. Although<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>is similar to<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>in several phenotypic characteristics, it differs from it with respect to epidemiology, certain virulence factors and the ability to develop resistance to fluconazole rapidly. In this study, the first seven isolations of<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>from Kuwait are described, all originating from non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The isolates were initially identified by the Vitek 2 yeast identification system, positive germ tube test, production of rough colonies and chlamydospores on Staib agar and by their inability to assimilate xylose, trehalose or methyl \u03b1-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucoside. The species identity of the isolates was subsequently confirmed by specific amplification of rDNA targeting the internally transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), restriction endonuclease digestion of the amplified DNA and direct DNA sequencing of the ITS2. Using the E-test method, the MICs of<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>test isolates were in the range 0.125\u20130.75 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for fluconazole, 0.002\u20130.75 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for itraconazole, 0.006\u20130.125 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for ketoconazole, 0.002\u20130.5 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for amphotericin B and 0.002\u20130.016 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for voriconazole. Two of the isolates were resistant to 5-flucytosine (&gt;32 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), but none against fluconazole. The study reinforces the current view that<jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>has a much wider geographical and epidemiological distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05315-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,7]],"date-time":"2004-06-07T18:15:55Z","timestamp":1086632155000},"page":"633-637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Isolation and molecular identification of Candida dubliniensis from non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Suhail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaiba","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 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