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DFRA showed strong antimicrobial activity (MIC and MBC values of 0.16 mg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) against planktonic<jats:italic>P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>. At subMICs, DFRA partially inhibited the bacterial growth and considerably prolonged the bacterial doubling time. DFO was unable to completely inhibit the bacterial growth in the concentration range tested and was not bactericidal. Crystal violet binding assay for the assessment of biofilm formation by<jats:italic>P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>showed that DFRA significantly decreased the biofilm-forming activity as well as the biofilm formation, while DFO was less effective. DFRA was chosen for further study. In the ATP-bioluminescent assay, which reflects viable cell counts, subMICs of DFRA significantly decreased the bioactivity of biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. Under the scanning electron microscope,<jats:italic>P. intermedia<\/jats:italic>cells in DFRA-treated biofilm were significantly elongated compared to those in untreated biofilm. Further experiments are necessary to show that iron chelators may be used as a therapeutic agent for periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.053553-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T02:13:52Z","timestamp":1358475232000},"page":"1307-1316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of iron chelators against Prevotella intermedia"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hoi","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Su","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Anatomy and Histology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1997.68.10.973"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.3022","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens spp. isolated in Spain","volume":"42","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"r3","first-page":"557","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of subgingival species in chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"45","author":"Ardila","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1996.tb00180.x"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199106010-00004"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.832"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772231"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/tcrm.2007.3.2.291"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03630260903211888"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00682-08"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.6.1927-1931.1991","article-title":"Immune modulation of Prevotella intermedia colonization in squirrel monkeys","volume":"59","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"r12","article-title":"Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved Standard, 7th edn. 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