{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:52:10Z","timestamp":1777348330832,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the value of gene markers for surveillance and to assess the genetic stability of potential acellular pertussis vaccine components, the sequence variation in ten virulence-related genes of <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic> was investigated in strains isolated in the UK between 1920 and 2002. These genes encode: pertactin (<jats:italic>prnA<\/jats:italic>); pertussis toxin subunits S1 (<jats:italic>ptxA<\/jats:italic>) and S3 (<jats:italic>ptxC<\/jats:italic>); tracheal colonization factor (<jats:italic>tcfA<\/jats:italic>); bordetella autotransporter protein C (<jats:italic>bapC<\/jats:italic>); bordetella resistance to killing protein (<jats:italic>brkA<\/jats:italic>); fimbrial antigen 2 (<jats:italic>fim2<\/jats:italic>); outer-membrane protein Q (<jats:italic>ompQ<\/jats:italic>); virulence-activated gene 8 (<jats:italic>vag8<\/jats:italic>) and adenylate cyclase toxin (<jats:italic>cyaA<\/jats:italic>). The encoded proteins are either components of current acellular vaccines (ACVs), or potential virulence markers for <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>. Three strains used in the pertussis UK whole-cell vaccine (WCV), strain Tohama-I used for production of ACV components and the type strain of <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> (18323<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>) were also analysed. Several novel alleles were found. The UK isolates were assigned multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs) according to a previously described scheme for <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> based on three of these genes (<jats:italic>ptxA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ptxC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tcfA<\/jats:italic>). Compared with isolates from other countries, the UK clinical strains showed a distinct distribution of MLSTs. Apart from one strain that was MLST-3, all other recent isolates (2000\u20132002) were identified as MLST-5. These isolates differed from the three WCV strains, which were MLST-2 or MLST-3, the Tohama-I strain (MLST-2) and the type strain of <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> (MLST-9). MLST-3 and MLST-5 differ only by a single synonymous mutation, but this method does indicate that currently circulating strains of <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> are not identical to the vaccine types, and they may differ in other important characteristics. Two new MLSTs were identified amongst historical UK isolates. Sequence-based typing offers a convenient method of analysing and comparing populations of <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> from different time periods and from different countries. The variation exhibited by <jats:italic>prnA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>fim2<\/jats:italic> suggests that they could be useful, additional epidemiological markers in such a typing scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05515-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,19]],"date-time":"2004-04-19T22:35:45Z","timestamp":1082414145000},"page":"355-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Sequence variation and conservation in virulence-related genes of Bordetella pertussis isolates from the UK"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Erica R.","family":"Packard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK 2Health Protection Agency, Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Parton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK 2Health Protection Agency, Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Coote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK 2Health Protection Agency, Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman K.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK 2Health Protection Agency, Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"H1-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3309-3315.1995","article-title":"The C-terminal domain is essential for protective activity of the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase-haemolysin","volume":"63","author":"Betsou","year":"1995a","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"H2-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00339-8","article-title":"Cloning and sequence of the Bordetella bronchiseptica adenylate cyclase-hemolysin-encoding gene: comparison with the Bordetella pertussis gene","volume":"162","author":"Betsou","year":"1995b","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"H3-2","article-title":"Characterisation of the virulence-related, outer-membrane proteins of Bordetella pertussis","author":"Blackburn","year":"2000"},{"key":"H4-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00038-9","article-title":"Intranasal murine model of Bordetella pertussis infection.II. 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