{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:04:55Z","timestamp":1780344295121,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred and six nalidixic acid-resistant <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> isolates from two Brazilian hospitals isolated from June to October 2010 were evaluated to characterize the co-existence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) determinants. The <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic> genetic environment was determined by PCR and sequencing. Conjugation and hybridization experiments determined whether <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>-carrying plasmids were self-transferable. The <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>qepA<\/jats:italic> genes were also screened. Thirteen <jats:italic>qnr-<\/jats:italic>like genes (12.3\u200a%) were identified, with <jats:italic>qnrB1<\/jats:italic> the most common, followed by <jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>qnrB2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>qnrB19<\/jats:italic>. No <jats:italic>qnrA, qnrC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>qnrD<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>qepA<\/jats:italic> determinant was detected. All <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>-positive strains possessed chromosomal substitutions in gyrase- and topoisomerase-encoding genes and four harboured a <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic> gene. The co-production of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> was observed in ten <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>-positive strains. These results indicate the dissemination of PMQR genes shown in clinical isolates from Brazil, and their co-existence with ESBL genes emphasizes the complexity of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants among <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.055970-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T04:57:58Z","timestamp":1370494678000},"page":"1326-1331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Brazil carry distinct types of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. 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