{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:46:06Z","timestamp":1792431966848,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The currently used treatments for leishmaniasis, a neglected parasitic disease, are associated with several side effects, high cost and resistance of the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites. Here we evaluated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> the antileishmanial activity of five antimalarial drugs against <jats:italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. Mefloquine was effective against promastigotes in axenic cultures and showed an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (concentration giving half-maximal inhibition) value of 8.4\u00b10.7 \u00b5M. In addition, mefloquine, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were active against intracellular amastigotes in macrophage-infected cultures, presenting IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 1.56\u00b10.19 \u00b5M, 0.78\u00b10.08 \u00b5M and 0.67\u00b10.12 \u00b5M, respectively. The ultrastructural analysis of chloroquine- or mefloquine-treated amastigotes showed an accumulation of multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm of the parasite, suggesting endocytic pathway impairment, in addition to the formation of myelin-like figures and enlargement of the Golgi cisternae. CBA mice were infected with <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic> in the ear dermis, and treated by oral and\/or topical routes with chloroquine and mefloquine. Treatment of <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>-infected mice with chloroquine by the oral route reduced lesion size, which was associated with a decrease in the number of parasites in the ear, as well as the parasite burden in the draining lymph nodes. In contrast, mefloquine administration by both routes decreased the lesion size in infected mice without causing a reduction in parasite burden. Our results revealed a promising antileishmanial effect of chloroquine and suggest its use in cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.058115-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T03:55:19Z","timestamp":1364529319000},"page":"1001-1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Activity of antimalarial drugs in vitro and in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Vin\u00edcius Pinto Costa","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Pesquisas Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falc\u00e3o 121, Candeal, 40296-70, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Regina","family":"Nonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia Tecidual e 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