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Bacterial pathogens can reach the blood\u2013brain barrier and be recognized by antigen-presenting cells through the binding of Toll-like receptors. They induce the activation of NF\u03baB or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and subsequently upregulate leukocyte populations and express numerous proteins involved in inflammation and the immune response. Many brain cells can produce cytokines, chemokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules in response to bacterial stimuli, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes are attracted, activated and released in large amounts of superoxide anion and nitric oxide, leading to peroxynitrite formation and generating oxidative stress. This cascade leads to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage and breakdown of the blood\u2013brain barrier, thus contributing to cell injury during neonatal meningitis. This review summarizes information on the pathophysiology and adjuvant treatment of acute bacterial meningitis in neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.059840-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]],"date-time":"2013-08-15T12:24:24Z","timestamp":1376569464000},"page":"1781-1789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Pathophysiology of neonatal acute bacterial meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Barichello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Unidade Acad\u00eamica de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Crici\u00fama, SC, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia Experimental e Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Programa de 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