{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:05:45Z","timestamp":1783109145717,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A proteome reference map of<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>was successfully established using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry. This map was further applied to compare protein expression profiles of high-level spectinomycin-resistant (clinical isolate) and -susceptible (reference strain)<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>following treatment with subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of spectinomycin. Approximately 200 protein spots were visualized by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining and 66 spots representing 58 unique proteins were subsequently identified. Most of the identified proteins were analysed as cytoplasmic proteins and belonged to the class of energy metabolism. Comparative proteomic analysis of whole protein expression of susceptible and resistant gonococci showed up to 96\u200a% similarity while eight proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the resistant strain. In the presence of subMICs of spectinomycin, it was found that 50S ribosomal protein L7\/L12, an essential component for ribosomal translocation, was upregulated in both strains, ranging from 1.5- to 3.5-fold, suggesting compensatory mechanisms of<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>in response to antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. Moreover, the differential expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and the cell envelope was noticeably detected, indicating significant cellular responses and adaptation against antibiotic stress. Such knowledge provides valuable data, not only fundamental proteomic data, but also knowledge of the mode of action of antibiotic and secondary target proteins implicated in adaptation and compensatory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067595-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T14:27:43Z","timestamp":1393252063000},"page":"371-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reference map and comparative proteomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae displaying high resistance against spectinomycin"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sunanta","family":"Nabu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratana","family":"Lawung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical Laboratory Services, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patcharee","family":"Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chartchalerm","family":"Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sittiruk","family":"Roytrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virapong","family":"Prachayasittikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01830-07"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10069"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2003.09.001"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00586.x"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.948-955.2003"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560902731993"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400946"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08167.x","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA and protein mutants resistant to spectinomycin","volume":"9","author":"Bilgin","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.6.835"},{"key":"r11","first-page":"590","article-title":"Update to CDC\u2019s Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86089-1","article-title":"Hydrolases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 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