{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:36:35Z","timestamp":1793414195282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> are normal skin inhabitants that are frequently isolated from lesions caused by acne, and these micro-organisms are considered to contribute to the inflammation of acne. In the present study, we examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> isolated from patients with acne vulgaris in a university hospital in Japan from 2009 to 2010. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between the antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> and the severity of acne vulgaris. Some <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains (18.8\u200a%; 13\/69) were resistant to clindamycin. All strains had a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, except for one strain that expressed <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>(X) encoding a 23S rRNA methylase. Tetracycline-resistant <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains were found to represent 4.3\u200a% (3\/69) of the strains, and this resistance was caused by a mutation in the 16S rRNA gene. Furthermore, three strains with reduced susceptibility to nadifloxacin (MIC\u200a=\u200a16 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were detected. When analysing the correlation between the antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, more than 80\u200a% of the patients who carried clindamycin-resistant <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> also carried clindamycin-resistant <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>. However, no epidemic strain that exhibited antimicrobial resistance was detected in the <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains when analysed by PFGE. Therefore, our results suggest that the antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> is closely related to antimicrobial therapy. Additionally, those <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> strains tended to be frequently found in severe acne patients rather than in mild acne patients. Consequently, the data support a relationship between using antimicrobial agents and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]],"date-time":"2014-02-13T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1392267894000},"page":"721-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from acne lesions in a hospital in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nakase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Nakaminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadachou, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobukazu","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadachou, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90261-4"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011841"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01720.x"},{"key":"r4","article-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved standard M07\u2013A8","year":"2009"},{"key":"r5","article-title":"Perfomance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; approved standard M100\u2013S21","year":"2011"},{"key":"r6","first-page":"M11","article-title":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria","year":"2012"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp214"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.06.003"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2011.08.002"},{"key":"r11","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"118","author":"Hayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Dermatol"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3364-3372.2005"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.46"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00081.x"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.54.101"},{"key":"r16","first-page":"6","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"73","author":"Leyden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1062","article-title":"Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci","volume":"43","author":"Lina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02077.x"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05403.x"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/002824-0"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01423.x"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02174.x","article-title":"The bacteriology of acne vulgaris and antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from acne lesions","volume":"27","author":"Nishijima","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.1469"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2004.02.002"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2005.01.005"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2182"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.1.165"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05371.x"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06273.x"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.01.019"},{"key":"r32","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T08:16:59Z","timestamp":1601972219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}}}