{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:53:01Z","timestamp":1781686381823,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"Enteric fever is a major public health problem in developing countries. Due to the problem of resistance to first-line drugs and fluoroquinolone, cephalosporins are currently used for treatment of enteric fever. Cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. is mainly due to production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs). The majority of ESBLs in Salmonella<\/jats:italic> are derivatives of the TEM and SHV \u03b2-lactamase families. The objectives of this study were to detect antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ESBL production and TEM-, SHV- and CTX-M-encoding genes (bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub> and bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>) among clinical isolates of Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. A total of 134 Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates [Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhi (n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a101), Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Paratyphi A (n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a31), Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Paratyphi B (n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1) and Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium (n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1)] were included in this study. Multidrug resistance was seen in 5\/134 (3.73\u200a%) isolates, all of which belonged to serotype S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi. A better susceptibility profile was observed for first-line drugs (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline) and cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefixime and cefepime). However, 131 (97.76\u200a%) of the 134 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and one (0.75\u200a%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. TEM-1-type \u03b2-lactamase (bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>) was detected in six (4.47\u200a%) of the 134 isolates, which belonged to the serotype S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi. All six TEM-positive isolates were negative for the bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub> gene and none of the isolates was positive for the bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub> gene. The presence of the bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub> gene encoding TEM-1 \u03b2-lactamase is believed to confer resistance only to penicillins and early cephalosporins; however, the resistance spectrum of TEM-1 descendants may extend to second-, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. The ESBLs derived from TEM-1 differ from their progenitors by as few as 1 aa, and have the ability to hydrolyse third-generation cephalosporins. Therefore, appropriate selection and rotation of antibiotics as well as continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility profiles could help to control the emergence and spread of resistant strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.068486-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T06:19:35Z","timestamp":1401257975000},"page":"962-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Detection of TEM-, SHV- and CTX-M-type \u03b2-lactamase production among clinical isolates of Salmonella species"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sathishkumar","family":"Elumalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Muthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Pondicherry 605 107, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Esther Mary","family":"Selvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, ESIC Hospital, K. K. 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