{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:37:13Z","timestamp":1769852233661,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> complex comprises three closely related species, <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Candida metapsilosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida orthopsilosis<\/jats:italic>. In the last decade, antifungal resistance to azoles and caspofungin among <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu lato<\/jats:italic> strains has been considered a matter of concern worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic potential of antifungals and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (Cys) against planktonic and biofilms of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> complex from clinical sources. Susceptibility assays with amphotericin, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and Cys were performed by microdilution in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Synergy testing against planktonic cells of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu lato<\/jats:italic> strains was assessed by the chequerboard method. Combinations formed by antifungals with Cys were evaluated against mature biofilms in microtitre plates. No differences in the antifungal susceptibility pattern among species were observed, but <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> strains were more susceptible to Cys than <jats:italic>C. orthopsilosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. metapsilosis.<\/jats:italic> Synergism between antifungals and Cys was observed in <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu lato<\/jats:italic> strains. Combinations formed by antifungals and Cys were able to prevent biofilm formation and showed an inhibitory effect against mature biofilms of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. metapsilosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. orthopsilosis.<\/jats:italic> These results strengthen the potential of calcineurin inhibition as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of antifungal drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.073478-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T03:06:53Z","timestamp":1397185613000},"page":"936-944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A exhibits synergism with antifungals against Candida parapsilosis species complex"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Rossana de Aguiar","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Post-Graduation 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