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A total of 125 reports were included, 41 describing hospitalized children. All cases were sustained by opportunistic pathogens, mainly<jats:italic>Legionellaceae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pseudomonadaceae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Burkholderiaceae<\/jats:italic>. Hot-water distribution systems were the primary source of legionnaires\u2019 disease, bottled water was mainly colonized by<jats:italic>Pseudomonaceae<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Burkholderiaceae<\/jats:italic>were the leading cause of distilled and sterile water contamination. The intensive care unit was the most frequently involved setting, but patient characteristics were the main risk factor, independent of the ward. As it is difficult to avoid water contamination by microbes and disinfection treatments may be insufficient to control the risk of infection, a proactive preventive plan should be put in place. 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