{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:21:16Z","timestamp":1778876476844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium of the human gastrointestinal and genital tracts. It is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, and has also been recognized as an important pathogen in pregnant women and the elderly. We investigated mechanisms of macrolide and tetracycline resistance in GBS colonizing women in Egypt. A total of 100 isolates were screened using standard antibiotic susceptibility tests. A multiplex PCR assay was used to detect macrolide- and tetracycline-resistance determinants. All isolates were uniformly susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin and levofloxacin. The resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 17, 14, 16, 98 and 1\u200a%, respectively. Among the erythromycin-resistant isolates, 82.4\u200a% had constitutive macrolide\u2013lincosamide\u2013streptogramin B (cMLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>) resistance, 5.9\u200a% had inducible MLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> (iMLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>) resistance and 11.8\u200a% had M phenotype resistance. Among the cMLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> phenotypes, 64.3\u200a% of isolates harboured the <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic> gene and 35.7\u200a% of isolates harboured none of the investigated macrolide-resistance genes. The single strain expressing the iMLS<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> phenotype possessed the <jats:italic>ermA<\/jats:italic> gene. Of the two strains with the M phenotype, only one possessed the <jats:italic>mefA\/E<\/jats:italic> gene. Conversely, seven macrolide-sensitive strains (MIC &lt;0.03 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic> positive and one macrolide-sensitive strain (MIC &lt;0.03 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) harboured <jats:italic>mefA\/E<\/jats:italic>. Tetracycline resistance was predominantly due to <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>, which was detected alone (83.7\u200a%) or in association with <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic> (12.2\u200a%), <jats:italic>tetK<\/jats:italic> (1\u200a%) or <jats:italic>tetO<\/jats:italic> (1\u200a%). One strain carried <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic> associated with both <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tetK<\/jats:italic>, and another strain carried <jats:italic>tetO<\/jats:italic> alone. The <jats:italic>tetO<\/jats:italic> strains were positive for the <jats:italic>mefA\/E<\/jats:italic> gene, and the <jats:italic>tetL<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tetK<\/jats:italic> carrier strains harboured the <jats:italic>ermB<\/jats:italic> gene. Susceptible strains harbouring but not expressing an antibiotic-resistance gene should be regarded as potentially resistant. These results emphasize the need to monitor the epidemiology of GBS antibiotic resistance in Egypt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.077057-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T04:50:35Z","timestamp":1406091035000},"page":"1324-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Macrolide- and tetracycline-resistance determinants of colonizing group B streptococcus in women in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Shabayek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salah","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.4.1410-1412.2004"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.944","article-title":"Presence of mefA and mefE genes in Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"43","author":"Arpin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.035477-0"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.018176-0"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.232-260.2001"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.3.245"},{"key":"r7","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests","year":"2006a"},{"key":"r8","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically","year":"2006b"},{"key":"r9","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","year":"2007"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2400-2402.2001"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.12.064"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107662904323047772"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.6.1889-1891.2001"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03106.x"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.037853-0"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324626"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4798-4800.2005"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.2.231-238.2000"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2056"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00251.x"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq230"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000848","article-title":"Serotype and surface protein gene distribution of colonizing group B streptococcus in women in Egypt","volume":"142","author":"Shabayek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03628.x"},{"key":"r24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014revised guidelines from CDC, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.077057-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T08:18:16Z","timestamp":1601972296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.077057-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.077057-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}}}