{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:40:52Z","timestamp":1790887252099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination with heat-killed<jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>(HKY) protects against experimental infection by pathogenic fungi of five genera. Here we tested whether purified<jats:italic>Saccharomyces<\/jats:italic>cell wall \u03b2-glucan could induce protection against systemic aspergillosis. CD-1 mice were given three weekly vaccine doses subcutaneously prior to intravenous infection with<jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>. Mice received PBS, 2.5 mg HKY, whole glucan particles (WGP), WGP conjugated to BSA (0.06 to 12 mg per dose), a soluble medium molecular mass (MMW) \u03b2-glucan alone or MMW\u2013BSA (\u226424 mg per dose). Survival and c.f.u. were determined, and cytokine induction and anti-\u03b2-glucan antibodies were assessed in vaccinated mice. Neither soluble MMW glucan, nor MMW\u2013BSA was effective. HKY protected in two studies (survival and c.f.u. were reduced in brain and kidney organs,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.004). Six or 12 mg WGP or WGP\u2013BSA prolonged survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22640.004) and reduced c.f.u. in each organ (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22640.015) in both experiments; 0.6 mg WGP or WGP\u2013BSA prolonged survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22640.015) and reduced c.f.u. (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22640.015) in one experiment. Cytokine profiles in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage from uninfected vaccinated mice showed an innate and adaptive immune profile (i.e. upregulation of colony stimulating factors, interferons, TNF-\u03b1, chemokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1\u03b1, RANTES and KC, and Th17-activating cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-17). No anti-\u03b2-glucan antibodies were in the sera, suggesting an adaptive T cell-mediated, not a B cell-mediated, protective response. Vaccination with WGP or WGP\u2013BSA proved protective against systemic aspergillosis, equivalent to that of HKY, supporting the potential of particulate \u03b2-glucans, alone or conjugated, as vaccines against aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.079681-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T04:37:10Z","timestamp":1412656630000},"page":"1750-1759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Whole glucan particles as a vaccine against murine aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Karl V.","family":"Clemons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA"},{"name":"California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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