{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:14:48Z","timestamp":1790248488571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During 2000\u20132004, 13 <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> strains that were untypable by commercially available antisera were isolated from children &lt;5 years of age with acute diarrhoea in Kolkata. These strains were subsequently identified as <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar 204\/96 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a3), <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar E23507 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1), <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar I9809-73 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1), <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar 93-119 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1), <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar 88-893 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a6) and <jats:italic>Shigella boydii<\/jats:italic> provisional serovar E16553 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a1). In this study, characterization of those provisional serovars of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> was performed with respect to their antimicrobial resistance, plasmids, virulence genes and PFGE profiles. The drug resistant strains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a10) of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> identified in this study possessed various antibiotic resistance genetic markers like <jats:italic>catA<\/jats:italic> (for chloramphenicol resistance); <jats:italic>tetA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tetB<\/jats:italic> (for tetracycline resistance); <jats:italic>dfrA1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic> (for co-trimoxazole resistance); <jats:italic>aadA1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>strB<\/jats:italic> (for streptomycin resistance) and <jats:italic>bla<jats:sub>OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n                  <\/jats:italic> (for ampicillin resistance). Class 1 and\/or class 2 integrons were present in eight resistant strains. Three study strains were pan-susceptible. A single mutation in the <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic> gene (serine to leucine at codon 83) was present in four quinolone resistant strains. The virulence gene <jats:italic>ipaH<\/jats:italic> (invasion plasmid antigen H) was uniformly present in all strains in this study, but the <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic> (Shiga toxin) and <jats:italic>set1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> enterotoxin 1) genes were absent. Other virulence genes like <jats:italic>ial<\/jats:italic> (invasion associated locus) and <jats:italic>sen<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> enterotoxin 2) were occasionally present. A large plasmid of 212 kb and of incompatibility type IncFIIA was present in the majority of the strains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u200a=\u200a10) and diversity was noticed in the smaller plasmid profiles of these strains even within the same provisional serovars. PFGE profile analysis showed the presence of multiple unrelated clones among the isolates of provisional <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> serovars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phenotypic and molecular characterization of provisional serovars of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> isolates from Kolkata, India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.081307-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]],"date-time":"2014-09-27T06:53:36Z","timestamp":1411800816000},"page":"1696-1703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Molecular characterization of serologically atypical provisional serovars of Shigella isolates from Kolkata, India"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Shanta","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Nandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Division of Food Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.5.1423-1425.1995","article-title":"Detection of provisional serovars of Shigella dysenteriae and designation as S. dysenteriae serotypes 14 and 15","volume":"33","author":"Ansaruzzaman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45889-0"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"r4","article-title":"Standard operating procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC), Salmonella serotypes, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. 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