{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:46:35Z","timestamp":1790135195891,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"In recent years several new staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been described, which currently have largely unknown frequencies of occurrence and roles in human or animal disease. One hundred and ninety-one Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates from cows (99), goats (39), sheep (23), rabbits (15), chickens (15) and a cat (1) were screened for SE genes sea<\/jats:italic>\u2013see<\/jats:italic>, seg<\/jats:italic>\u2013seo<\/jats:italic> and seq<\/jats:italic> and for the tst<\/jats:italic> gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using multiplex PCRs and individual PCRs for the seb<\/jats:italic> and sek<\/jats:italic> genes. One hundred and ten isolates tested positive for at least one of these 16 superantigen (SAg)-encoding genes. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of some of these SAg genes between isolates from different animals. No strain possessed either the sea<\/jats:italic> or see<\/jats:italic> gene. The sec<\/jats:italic> gene was present in 51 isolates, the sed<\/jats:italic> gene in eight and the seb<\/jats:italic> gene in one. The seh<\/jats:italic> gene was found in four strains and the sek<\/jats:italic> and seq<\/jats:italic> genes together in one isolate. The most common combinations of genes were the egc<\/jats:italic> cluster, bearing the seg<\/jats:italic>, sei<\/jats:italic>, sem<\/jats:italic>, sen<\/jats:italic> and seo<\/jats:italic> genes, in 47 isolates, the sec<\/jats:italic>, sel<\/jats:italic> and tst<\/jats:italic> gene combination typical of the SaPIbov pathogenicity island in 44 isolates, the egc<\/jats:italic> cluster lacking the seg<\/jats:italic> gene in 11 isolates, the sed<\/jats:italic> and sej<\/jats:italic> genes in nine isolates, and the sec<\/jats:italic> and tst<\/jats:italic> genes without the sel<\/jats:italic> gene in seven isolates. The higher frequencies of the sec<\/jats:italic> and tst<\/jats:italic> genes together and the lower frequencies of the egc<\/jats:italic> gene cluster among the SAg gene-positive sheep or goat isolates compared to bovine isolates were statistically significant. Of 36 bovine isolates that were mitogenic for human T lymphocytes, four were negative for the 16 SAg genes tested for, while a further 14 gave borderline results in the mitogenicity assay, 12 of which were SAg gene-negative. Twenty-nine strains lacking all the SAg genes did not induce T-cell proliferation. This survey indicates that novel SE genes seg<\/jats:italic>, sei<\/jats:italic>, sel<\/jats:italic>, sem<\/jats:italic>, sen<\/jats:italic> and seo<\/jats:italic> along with the sec<\/jats:italic> and tst<\/jats:italic> genes predominate in S. aureus<\/jats:italic> from animal hosts. The mitogenicity assays indicate that further uncharacterized SAgs may be present in bovine isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45863-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,15]],"date-time":"2005-03-15T21:57:57Z","timestamp":1110923877000},"page":"401-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Davida S","family":"Smyth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Hartigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Meaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Ross","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia F","family":"Deobald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A","family":"Bohach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2Department of Physiology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 3Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland 4Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril J","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive 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