{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:42:30Z","timestamp":1770752550977,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"abstract":"Two hundred and fifty-one unique patient isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (123), Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (114), Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:italic> (7), Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (5) and Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic> (2), flagged as extended-spectrum \u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase (ESBL) positive by the Vitek system (GNS-526 card), were collected. These strains were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratories of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE), Edinburgh, UK (and associated GP practices), Hairmyers Hospital, Glasgow, UK, and the Amiri and Farwania Hospitals, Kuwait. Of the 101 RIE strains tested, 15 E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains were found to be ESBL negative by Etest ESBL strips. On retesting the 15 E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains with the Vitek GNS-532 card, 14 were found to be ESBL negative, despite being originally flagged as ESBL positive. The remaining 236 ESBL-producing strains were also subjected to the double disc-diffusion (DDD) technique for the detection of ESBLs. Of these, two were false negatives by Etest ESBL test strips (using both cefotaxime and ceftazidime strips), and 38 were false negatives by the DDD method. The Etest false-negative ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were positive by DDD. Technically, the Vitek method was the least demanding method to perform, as it was an integral part of the routine susceptibility test card. Etest strips were reliable, but were the most expensive of all the techniques used. The DDD test, while relatively inexpensive, was technically subjective, and in our hands, seven of the ESBL-positive strains that were confirmed by the other two techniques were not detected. Despite the false-positive ESBL-producing E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains, the Vitek susceptibility card with its integral ESBL test offers the clinical laboratory a valuable and quick option to screen for ESBL-producing Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp. and E. coli<\/jats:italic> as part of the routine laboratory methodology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46177-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]],"date-time":"2006-03-13T20:58:04Z","timestamp":1142283484000},"page":"417-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Kuwait and UK strains identified by the Vitek system, and subsequent comparison of the Vitek system with other commercial ESBL-testing systems using these strains"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"A. A.","family":"Dashti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Chemotherapy, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. G. B.","family":"Amyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Chemotherapy, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","article-title":"Comparison of three combination discs for the detection of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases","volume-title":"Poster presented at the Third European Congress of Chemotherapy","author":"Appleton","year":"2000"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology and detection of this important resistance threat","volume":"14","author":"Bradford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.899","article-title":"SHV-7, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing \u03b2 -lactamase identified in E. coli isolated from hospitalized nursing home patients","volume":"39","author":"Bradford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01690090","article-title":"Is it important to identify extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamase producing isolates?","volume":"15","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microb Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211","article-title":"A functional classification scheme for \u03b2 -lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure","volume":"39","author":"Bush","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jac.a002696","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamases in blood culture isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae : seek and you may find!","volume":"47","author":"Crowley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.1.7","article-title":"TEM- and SHV-derived extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamases: relationship between selection, structure and function","volume":"35","author":"Du Bois","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00203-0","article-title":"Cefpodoxime screening of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. by Vitek for detection of organisms producing extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamases","volume":"38","author":"Gibb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.revmedmi.0000131427.13353.7f","article-title":"Multiple resistance in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Hawkey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.3.309","article-title":"Evolution and spread of SHV extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"44","author":"Heritage","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.6.881","article-title":"Detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2 -lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the MAST DD test, the double disc and the Etest ESBL","volume":"45","author":"M'Zali","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R12","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility; 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