{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T11:11:29Z","timestamp":1759057889366},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>is one of the main causes of otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, pneumonia and septicaemia in children, and the development of ampicillin resistance in<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>is a cause of serious concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>colonizing the nasopharynx of school-going healthy North Indian children, and to compare the distribution of different biotypes and serotype b in this population. A total of 2400 school-going healthy children from 45 rural and 45 urban schools were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the children and cultured.<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>was isolated from 1001 (41\u00b77\u200a%) of the 2400 nasopharyngeal swabs collected. All these<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>isolates were biotyped and serotyped, and their antibiotic susceptibility tested. All eight biotypes were present in this population. The most prevalent biotypes were I (19\u00b76\u200a%), II (16\u00b78\u200a%) and III (25\u00b70\u200a%). Of the 1001 isolates, 316 (31\u00b76\u200a%) were<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>type b and 685 (68\u00b74\u200a%) were non-type b<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>, and 22\u00b79\u200a% were resistant to ampicillin, 41\u00b79\u200a% to chloramphenicol, 27\u00b75\u200a% to erythromycin and 67\u00b73\u200a% to co-trimoxazole. Of the 316<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>type b isolates, 44\u00b70\u200a% were ampicillin resistant, while only 13\u00b71\u200a% non-type b<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>isolates were ampicillin resistant. Of the 229 ampicillin-resistant<jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>isolates, 196 (85\u00b76\u200a%) were positive for<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase; 93\u00b74\u200a% (214\/229) were biotypes I, II and III, of which 49\u200a% were biotype I, 27\u00b79\u200a% were type II and 16\u00b76\u200a% were type III. Most of the strains belonging to biotypes III\u2013VIII were ampicillin sensitive. Ampicillin resistance is significantly more common in biotype I and serotype b than in other biotypes and serotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46249-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,24]],"date-time":"2006-01-24T22:05:41Z","timestamp":1138140341000},"page":"133-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["High ampicillin resistance in different biotypes and serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae colonizing the nasopharynx of healthy school-going Indian 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