{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:53:57Z","timestamp":1788580437534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of filarial infection among migrant workers in Kuwait. The study was conducted from April 2000 to November 2003. A total of 1050 migrant workers (&gt;90\u200a% from the Indian subcontinent) from filarial endemic countries and 260 individuals residing in Kuwait as controls (50 healthy Kuwaiti blood donors, 50 microfilaria-negative individuals from endemic areas and 160 patients with other parasitic infections) were screened for filarial infection. All specimens were tested for microfilaraemia by microscopy of nucleopore-filtered blood (NFB) and detection of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by an immunochromatographic test (ICT) and the TropBio assay. The overall prevalence of filarial antigenaemia was 18\u00b73\u200a% (192 individuals) using the ICT and 20\u00b73\u200a% (213 individuals) using the TropBio assay. Thirty-two cases (3\u200a%) of <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> were detected by microscopy and the mean microfilaria count in these cases was 816 microfilariae ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. CFA was detected only in two of the 260 control subjects. Statistical analysis to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of infection was carried out using maximum-likelihood statistical methods. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the ICT and TropBio assay to detect CFA were comparable. Compared with NFB microscopy, the sensitivity of the ICT was 93\u00b78\u200a% and specificity ranged from 84 to 100\u200a%. The sensitivity and specificity of the TropBio assay were 90\u00b71 and 100\u200a%, respectively. However, the ICT failed to detect CFA in two cases with a microfilarial load of &lt;20 microfilariae ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In conclusion, the prevalence of filarial infection among the migrant workers in Kuwait was 18\u00b73\u200a% as determined by the ICT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46376-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]],"date-time":"2006-03-13T20:58:04Z","timestamp":1142283484000},"page":"401-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Determination of the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis among migrant workers in Kuwait by detecting circulating filarial antigen"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jamshaid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Laboratory, Ports and Borders Center, Ministry of Health, 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Hyg"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.643","article-title":"& 8 other authors","volume":"68","author":"Eigege","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2307\/2529590","article-title":"The estimation of false negatives in medical screening","volume":"34","author":"Goldberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00006","article-title":"Control of filarial infections: not the beginning of the end, but more research is needed","volume":"16","author":"Hoerauf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"758","article-title":"Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia clearance among Myanmar migrants after biannual mass treatments with diethylcarbamazine, 300\u2005mg oral-dose FILADEC tablet, in Southern 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prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area in South India","volume":"95","author":"Sunish","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803235001624","article-title":"Human infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in Matara, Sri Lanka: the use in parallel, of an ELISA to detect filarial-specific IgG4 in urine and of ICT card tests to detect filarial antigen in whole blood","volume":"97","author":"Weerasooriya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16","article-title":"Can lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis be eliminated together?","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"TDR News No.\u200560. Filarial Update"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.46376-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T04:20:33Z","timestamp":1600834833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.46376-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.46376-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]}}}