{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T22:26:27Z","timestamp":1764714387378},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"Currently there are 93 validated M serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, Lancefield group A streptococcus (GAS), and >130 emm<\/jats:italic> genotypes. A marked increase in the number of non-typable GAS isolates (2\u200a% in 2000, 4\u200a% in 2001 and 9\u200a% in 2002) from invasive disease cases referred to the authors' reference laboratory was noted during 2000\u20132002. A total of 217 (92\u200a%) were from blood cultures, 14 (6\u200a%) from deep abscesses and five (2\u200a%) from aspirates. The clinical manifestations included bacteraemia, septicaemia, cellulitis, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis and toxic-shock syndrome. In order to establish whether this increase was due to the emergence of novel types or the unavailability of M-typing sera, these isolates were subjected to emm<\/jats:italic> sequencing. A total of 144 isolates (61\u200a%) belonged to M types for which sera were no longer available; 112 (48\u200a%) belonged to higher M types, including emm<\/jats:italic>83.1 (9\u200a%), emm<\/jats:italic>94 (8\u200a%) emm<\/jats:italic>87 (6\u200a%) and emm<\/jats:italic>89 (6\u200a%); and 32 (13\u200a%) belonged to lower M types that were not commonly isolated in the UK, and included M25, M43, M49, M64, M73 and M74. Sixty-six (28\u200a%) of the isolates belonged to newly designated emm<\/jats:italic> types. Other isolates belonged to the novel emm<\/jats:italic> types st2147, STNS1033 and st854, recently registered in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) database by other laboratories. One novel emm<\/jats:italic> type, st2161, was isolated from an injecting drug user. There were differences in the type distribution of these isolates according to geographic location. However, 90\u200a% of emm<\/jats:italic>93, one of seven predominant emm<\/jats:italic> types identified amongst the collection of M non-typable (MNT) isolates, were isolated from the London region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46465-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]],"date-time":"2006-09-27T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1159376900000},"page":"1419-1423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of M non-typable group A streptococci from invasive disease cases"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Asha","family":"Tanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenchal","family":"Dhami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Androulla","family":"Efstratiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/292457a0","article-title":"Type specific protective immunity evoked by synthetic peptide of Streptococcus pyogenes M protein","volume":"292","author":"Beachey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"4655","article-title":"Sequence emm -specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci","volume":"41","author":"Beall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.5.1231-1235.1997","article-title":"Survey of emm gene sequences and T-antigen types from systemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection isolates collected in San Francisco","volume":"35","author":"Beall","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-10-893","article-title":"Streptococcal emm types associated with T-agglutination type and the use of conserved emm gene restriction fragment pattern for subtyping group A streptococci","volume":"47","author":"Beall","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199707000-00002","article-title":"Group A streptococcal bacteraemia. 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