{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:58:53Z","timestamp":1790614733916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>infections of man have been associated with direct contact with small ruminants. Colostrum protects neonates against gastrointestinal pathogens, and orphan lambs, which are common on petting farms, may be deprived of this protection. In a recent study, it was demonstrated that high shedding of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 by an 8-week-old goat kid was associated with coincidental<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>infection. Furthermore, both pathogens were co-located in the distal gastrointestinal tract. It was hypothesized that colostrum deprivation and pre-infection with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>predisposed young ruminants to colonization and increased shedding of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7. To test this, 21 lambs 5\u2005weeks of age were divided into four groups as follows: (A) colostrum-deprived and inoculated with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7, (B) colostrum-deprived and inoculated with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and then<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7, (C) conventionally reared and inoculated with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7, (D) conventionally reared and inoculated with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and then<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7.<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>was detected between 8 and 12\u2005days post-inoculation in most of the infected lambs. At 24\u2005h post-inoculation with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7, all lambs were shedding between 5\u00d710<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>and 5\u00d710<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u2005c.f.u.<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 per gram of faeces.<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 was shed in higher numbers in the groups pre-inoculated with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>, whether conventionally reared or colostrum-deprived. Interestingly, for the colostrum-deprived lambs on day 3, a significant difference in shedding of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 was observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.038), with the lambs inoculated with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>alone yielding higher counts than those pre-inoculated with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>. From day 15 onwards, shedding of<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 was highest from the colostrum-deprived<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>-infected lambs, then (in descending order of shedding) the colostrum-deprived lambs, the conventionally reared lambs infected with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>, and the conventionally reared animals. In total, four animals were euthanized, two at 24\u2005h and two at 96\u2005h post inoculation with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7 (two conventionally reared and two colostrum-deprived). All animals euthanized were from groups pre-inoculated with<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>prior to challenge with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7. On examination of tissues, in three of the four animals examined, multifocal attaching and effacing lesions were observed in the caecum, colon, rectum and at the recto-anal junction, and were confirmed by immunohistochemistry to be associated with<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157\u200a:\u200aH7.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46469-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T16:53:51Z","timestamp":1150217631000},"page":"819-828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influence of colostrum deprivation and concurrent Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the colonization and persistence of Escherichia coli O157\u200a:\u200aH7 in young lambs"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"R. M. 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