{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:39:21Z","timestamp":1790260761728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and predictors of colonization of the respiratory tract by metallo-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria in patients admitted to a newly established intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Specimens of tracheobronchial aspirates for microbiological studies were obtained every day for the first 3\u2005days of the ICU stay and subsequently every third day for the rest of the ICU stay. PCR analysis and nucleotide sequencing were performed to identify bacteria that had MBL genes. Thirty-five patients (20 male, 15 female) were hospitalized during the initial 3\u2005month period of functioning of the ICU. Colonization of the lower respiratory tract by Gram-negative bacteria was found in 29 of 35 patients (83\u200a%) during the first 6\u201320\u2005days (median 13\u2005days) following admission to the ICU (13 patients with <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>, ten with <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, three with <jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>, two with <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and one with <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>). Six of 29 patients (21\u200a%) colonized with Gram-negative bacteria had <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>VIM-2<\/jats:sub>-positive <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> isolates; one of these patients developed clinical infection due to this micro-organism. Previous use of carbapenems (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.01) or other <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactams (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03), as well as a stay in the ICU of &gt;20\u2005days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), were associated with colonization with <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>VIM-2<\/jats:sub>-producing <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, colonization by Gram-negative bacteria of the respiratory tract of patients in this newly established ICU was common (83\u200a%). Use of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactams, including carbapenems, was associated with subsequent colonization of the respiratory tract with MBL-positive <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46713-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]],"date-time":"2006-09-27T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1159376900000},"page":"1435-1439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Frequency and predictors of colonization of the respiratory tract by VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients of a newly established intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Horianopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Legakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kanellopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotiris","family":"Lambropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Tsakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Falagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), 9 Neapoleos Street, Marousi 151 23, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg270","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Latin American medical centres: 5\u2005year report of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997\u20132001)","volume":"52","author":"Andrade","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2307\/30142385","article-title":"The role of colonization in the pathogenesis of nosocomial infections","volume":"17","author":"Bonten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.3.878","article-title":"The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients","volume":"105","author":"Bonten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3031-3034.2002","article-title":"Prospective survey of \u03b2 -lactamases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in a French hospital in 2000","volume":"46","author":"de Champs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2307\/30141027","article-title":"Nosocomial infection caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms in the intensive care unit","volume":"17","author":"Flaherty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.779","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance rates among aerobic Gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients in intensive care units: evaluation of a national postmarketing surveillance program","volume":"23","author":"Itokazu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/30142366","article-title":"The epidemiology of colonization","volume":"17","author":"Jarvis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90367-7","article-title":"Nosocomial infection rates in adult and pediatric intensive care units in the United States. 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