{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:15:23Z","timestamp":1783566923123,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis constitutes a complex of diseases with clinical and epidemiological diversity and includes visceral leishmaniasis, a disease that is fatal when left untreated. In earlier studies, the authors reported that<jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>leaf exudate (AVL) is a potent antileishmanial agent effective in promastigotes of<jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Leishmania mexicana<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>and also in axenic amastigotes of<jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that, in promastigotes of<jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>(IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>=110\u200a\u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), AVL mediates this leishmanicidal effect by triggering a programmed cell death. Incubation of promastigotes with AVL caused translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane as measured by annexin V binding, which was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>into the cytosol and concomitant nuclear alterations that included chromatin condensation, deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP end labelling and DNA laddering. As this AVL-induced leishmanicidal effect could not be inhibited by protease inhibitors including Z-Val-Ala-<jats:sc>dl<\/jats:sc>-Asp (methoxy)-fluoromethylketone, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, non-involvement of caspases and major proteases was suggested. Additionally, AVL treatment caused no increase in cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>or generation of reactive oxygen species, indicating that although promastigote death was induced by an apoptotic-like mechanism similar to metazoan apoptosis, the pathways of induction and\/or execution differed at the molecular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47039-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T16:34:20Z","timestamp":1177000460000},"page":"629-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Aloe vera leaf exudate induces a caspase-independent cell death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Avijit","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, 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