{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:16:39Z","timestamp":1790190999250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin-resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and conventional first-line drugs. In this study, the MICs of various newer drugs were determined for 31 ciprofloxacin-resistant enteric fever isolates (26 <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Typhi and 5 <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Paratyphi A). MICs for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefepime and azithromycin were determined using Etest strips and the agar dilution method. By Etest, all of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had ciprofloxacin MICs \u226532\u2005\u03bcg\u2005ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Typhi showed MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> values of 0.50, 0.25 and 0.38\u2005\u03bcg\u2005ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for cefixime, cefotaxime and cefepime, respectively. For the cephalosporins, a negligible difference in MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> and MIC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values for <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Typhi and <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Paratyphi A was observed. A single isolate of <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Typhi showed a high azithromycin MIC of 64\u2005\u03bcg\u2005ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> value for azithromycin in <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Typhi and <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Paratyphi was 24\u2005\u03bcg\u2005ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Gatifloxacin demonstrated lower resistance (80.8\u200a%) compared with the other quinolones (92\u2013100\u200a%) in <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Typhi. The rise in MIC levels of these antimicrobials is a matter for serious concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47353-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T18:24:52Z","timestamp":1193423092000},"page":"1490-1494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In vitro activity of azithromycin, newer quinolones and cephalosporins in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Malini R.","family":"Capoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 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