{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:09:25Z","timestamp":1792444165919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Current prophylaxis for infected tick bites consists of personal protective measures directed towards ticks. This study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of doxycycline with that of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline in a model of Lyme borreliosis and <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> infection. Dosages of doxycycline were equilibrated based on previously determined peak plasma levels in mice [oral, 2.4\u2005\u03bcg (ml plasma)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; sustained release, 1.9\u2005\u03bcg (ml plasma)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>] determined 8\u2005h after inoculation. In challenge experiments where five <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>-infected and five <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>-infected nymphs were used per mouse, only 20 and 30\u200a% of mice were protected from <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> infection, respectively, using oral doxycycline. In contrast, 100\u200a% of mice receiving sustained-release doxycycline were protected from <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> infection, as indicated by real-time PCR of blood samples, quantitative PCR and culture isolation of spleen samples, and protected against <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection as demonstrated by culture of ear, heart and bladder. Although 15\u201340 copies of <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> could be amplified from the spleens of mice treated with sustained-release doxycycline, no viable <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> from these spleens could be cultured in HL-60 cells. In contrast, 7\/10 mice receiving oral doxycycline were PCR- and culture-positive for <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>, with copy numbers ranging from 800 to 10\u200a000 within the spleen, as determined by quantitative PCR. Other correlates with <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic> infection included a significant difference in spleen mass (mean of 110\u2005mg for sustained-release treatment versus a mean of 230\u2005mg for oral treatment) and the number of splenic lymphoid nodules (mean of 8 for sustained-release treatment versus mean of 12.5 for oral doxycycline) as determined by histopathology. These studies indicate that a single injection of a sustained-release formulation antibiotic may offer a viable prophylactic treatment option for multiple infectious agents in patients presenting with tick bites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47535-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,18]],"date-time":"2008-03-18T19:20:00Z","timestamp":1205868000000},"page":"463-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (Atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Nordin S.","family":"Zeidner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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