{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:54:28Z","timestamp":1776128068320,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"intro\">\n                  <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common multisystem vasculitis in childhood. Pathogens can be associated with the onset of KD. However, a lack of consistency prevails among reports about this disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For this case of a 1-year-old boy with four recurrent episodes of KD within a year, we analysed profiles of pathogen reads in his serum and pharynx specimens using next-generation sequencing. Comparative analysis of the identified bacterial reads from serum samples found significant correlation of bacteria such as <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic> spp. with the first and fourth episodes (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.9506) before treatment. In the first convalescent phase, the number of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. was reduced remarkably (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). From sequencing of the pharynx specimen from the fourth episode, a similar correlation was found with serum from the fourth episode (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                     <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.6633).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this case, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. may have been associated with onset of KD. Further studies must be undertaken to evaluate the putative association of micro-organism infection with KD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmmcr.0.005019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T11:12:17Z","timestamp":1449832337000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comprehensive pathogen detection associated with four recurrent episodes of Kawasaki disease in a patient during a single year using next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba 2768524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Sekizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Showa General Hospital, 2-450 Tenjin, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harutaka","family":"Katano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kinumaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Terai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba 2768524, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu City, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"jmmcr005019-Jarva","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(03)00108-1"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Katano1","first-page":"814","article-title":"Pathogenic characterization of a cervical lymph node derived from a patient with Kawasaki disease","volume":"5","author":"Katano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Kawasaki1","first-page":"178","article-title":"[Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children]","volume":"16","author":"Kawasaki","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arerugi"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Kinumaki1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00824"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Kuroda1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010256"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Kuroda12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06715-11"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Leung1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92752-F"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Maddox1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12733"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Makino1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140089"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Nagata1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03135.x"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Onouchi1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.59"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Takeuchi1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.62"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-Terai1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000079166.93475.5F"},{"key":"jmmcr005019-White1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000352"}],"container-title":["JMM 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