{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:09:41Z","timestamp":1792148981456,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472083200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is considered an urgent health concern due to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains for which vaccination offers a potential remedy. Vaccines based on surface polysaccharides are highly promising but need to address the high diversity of surface-exposed polysaccharides, synthesized as O-antigens (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and K-antigens (capsule polysaccharide, CPS), present in\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We present a comprehensive and clinically relevant study of the diversity of O- and K-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters across a global collection of over 500\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    whole-genome sequences and the seroepidemiology of human isolates from different infection types. Our study defines the genetic diversity of O- and K-antigen biosynthesis cluster sequences across this collection, identifying sequences for known serotypes as well as identifying novel LPS and CPS gene clusters found in circulating contemporary isolates. Serotypes O1, O2 and O3 were most prevalent in our sample set, accounting for approximately 80 % of all infections. In contrast, K serotypes showed an order of magnitude higher diversity and differ among infection types. In addition we investigated a potential association of O or K serotypes with phylogenetic lineage, infection type and the presence of known virulence genes. K1 and K2 serotypes, which are associated with hypervirulent\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were associated with a higher abundance of virulence genes and more diverse O serotypes compared to other common K serotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]],"date-time":"2016-06-13T05:14:26Z","timestamp":1465794866000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["The diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae surface polysaccharides"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Rainer","family":"Follador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bLimmaTech Biologics AG, Schlieren, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Wyres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3\u200bCentre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"4\u200bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Ellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5\u200bNational Infection Service Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kowarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bLimmaTech Biologics AG, Schlieren, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3\u200bCentre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"4\u200bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"6\u200bLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.027"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140206"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01569821"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004982"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01924-13"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-64"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2013.03.010"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.1.179"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.01.021"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.08.006"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00031-10"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04763-14"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404767"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4614","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.14.4614-4621.1992","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the rfb region of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1:K20: the rfb gene cluster is responsible for synthesis of the d-galactan I O polysaccharide","volume":"174","author":"Clarke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.23.4.687-690.1986","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Klebsiella bacteremic isolates and implications for vaccine development","volume":"23","author":"Cryz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705709104"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4178-4182.2005"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01253"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(94)80054-4"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/94.1.65"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/91.1.92"},{"key":"R25","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae collection from Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","author":"Ellington","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Manuscript in Preparation"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02494-15"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315488"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.3.420"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.412577"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12014"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2935"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.1.56-62.1999","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide O typing: revision of prototype strains and O-group distribution among clinical isolates from different sources and countries","volume":"37","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501049112"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033155"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00608"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsu043"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00321-15"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0090-6"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu031"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12070"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00933.x"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/096805199500200208","article-title":"Structures of the O-antigens of Klebsiella serotypes O2 (2a,2e), O2 (2a,2e,2h), and O2 (2a,2f,2g), members of a family related d-galactan O-antigens in Klebsiella spp","author":"Kelly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Endotoxin Research"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.17.5205-5214.1996","article-title":"Clonally diverse rfb gene clusters are involved in expression of a family of related d-galactan O antigens in Klebsiella species","volume":"178","author":"Kelly","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116215"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80102-2"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(92)85028-X"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M809068200"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00372-06"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7"},{"key":"R52","first-page":"325","article-title":"Preliminary study on serotyping of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its clinical significance","volume":"137","author":"Luo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-27-4-386"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv421"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080670"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15573"},{"key":"R57","first-page":"264","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589","article-title":"Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors","volume":"11","author":"Podschun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.7.2307-2313.1999","article-title":"Conserved organization in the cps gene clusters for expression of Escherichia coli group 1 K antigens: relationship to the colanic acid biosynthesis locus and the cps genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"181","author":"Rahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04552.x"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.12.4198-4206.2005"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2003.07.009"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-179"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22718"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.029017-0"},{"key":"R67","article-title":"Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega","volume":"539","author":"Sievers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00965.x"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00630-15"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.12.002"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.110-117.2003"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.5.550-555.1997","article-title":"O-antigen seroepidemiology of Klebsiella clinical isolates and implications for immunoprophylaxis of Klebsiella infections","volume":"4","author":"Trautmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.9.1021"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202683200"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05009-14"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142545"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060713-035600"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv383"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.289"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv062"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.070187"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.074492.107"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holt Kathryn, E., Wertheim, Heiman., Zadoks Ruth, N., Baker, Stephen., Whitehouse Chris, A., Dance, David., Jenney, A., Connor, T.R., Hsu, L.Y., & other authors Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2015), 112 (27):E3574-81","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501049112"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung The, H., Karkey, A., Pham Thanh, D., Boinett, C.J., Cain, A.K., Ellington, M., Baker, K.S., Dongol, S., Thompson, C., & other authors A high-resolution genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant hospital outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae. EMBO molecular medicine (2015), 7:227-239","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404767"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Ellington, M.J., Klebsiella pneumoniae collection from Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Manuscript in preparation (2016)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wand, M.E., Baker, K.S., Benthall, G., McGregor, H., McCowen, J.W., James, W.I., Deheer-Graham, A., Sutton, J.M., Characterization of pre-antibiotic era Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with respect to antibiotic\/disinfectant susceptibility and virulence in Galleria mellonella. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (2015), 59:3966-3972","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05009-14"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Follador, R., Heinz, E., Wyres, K.L., Ellington, M.J., Kowarik, M., Holt, K.E., Thomson, N.R., GenBank accession numbers LT174532\u2013LT174607 (2016)"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000073?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T14:44:56Z","timestamp":1702651496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-5858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]}}}