{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:41:38Z","timestamp":1792809698901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cholera is a severe, water-borne diarrhoeal disease caused by toxin-producing strains of the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Comparative genomics has revealed \u2018waves\u2019 of cholera transmission and evolution, in which clones are successively replaced over decades and centuries. However, the extent of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic diversity within an epidemic or even within an individual patient is poorly understood. Here, we characterized\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic diversity at a micro-epidemiological level within and between individual patients from Bangladesh and Haiti. To capture within-patient diversity, we isolated multiple (8 to 20)\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonies from each of eight patients, sequenced their genomes and identified point mutations and gene gain\/loss events. We found limited but detectable diversity at the level of point mutations within hosts (zero to three single nucleotide variants within each patient), and comparatively higher gene content variation within hosts (at least one gain\/loss event per patient, and up to 103 events in one patient). Much of the gene content variation appeared to be due to gain and loss of phage and plasmids within the\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    population, with occasional exchanges between\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other members of the gut microbiota. We also show that certain intra-host variants have phenotypic consequences. For example, the acquisition of a\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    plasmid and non-synonymous mutations in a sensor histidine kinase gene both reduced biofilm formation, an important trait for environmental survival. Together, our results show that\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is measurably evolving within patients, with possible implications for disease outcomes and transmission dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T07:12:34Z","timestamp":1512630754000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Vibrio cholerae genomic diversity within and between patients"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Levade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Terrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, 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USA"},{"name":"6\u200bDivision of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"7\u200bDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"3\u200bDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"8\u200bDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richelle C.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"3\u200bDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 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