{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:05:28Z","timestamp":1791867928217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that frequently transfer within and between bacterial species play a critical role in bacterial evolution, and often carry key accessory genes that associate with a bacteria\u2019s ability to cause disease. MGEs carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and\/or virulence determinants are common in the opportunistic pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is a leading cause of highly drug-resistant infections in hospitals. Well-characterised virulence determinants in\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    include the polyketide synthesis loci\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>clb<\/jats:italic>\n                    (also known as\n                    <jats:italic>pks<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), encoding the iron-scavenging siderophore yersiniabactin and genotoxin colibactin, respectively. These loci are located within an MGE called ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is the most common virulence-associated MGE of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae,<\/jats:italic>\n                    providing a mechanism for these virulence factors to spread within the population. Here we apply population genomics to investigate the prevalence, evolution and mobility of\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>clb<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations through comparative analysis of 2498 whole-genome sequences. The\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus was detected in 40\u200a% of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes, particularly amongst those associated with invasive infections. We identified 17 distinct\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages and 3\n                    <jats:italic>clb<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages, each associated with one of 14 different structural variants of ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Comparison with the wider population of the family\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed occasional ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    acquisition by other members. The\n                    <jats:italic>clb<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus was present in 14\u200a% of all\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 38.4\u200a% of\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    + genomes. Hundreds of independent ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Kp<\/jats:italic>\n                    integration events were detected affecting hundreds of phylogenetically distinct\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages, including at least 19 in the globally-disseminated carbapenem-resistant clone CG258. A novel plasmid-encoded form of\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    was also identified, representing a new mechanism for\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    dispersal in\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. These data indicate that MGEs carrying\n                    <jats:italic>ybt<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>clb<\/jats:italic>\n                    circulate freely in the\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    population, including among multidrug-resistant strains, and should be considered a target for genomic surveillance along with AMR determinants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T11:12:57Z","timestamp":1531134777000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Genetic diversity, mobilisation and spread of the yersiniabactin-encoding mobile element ICEKp in Klebsiella pneumoniae populations"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Margaret M. 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