{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:56:48Z","timestamp":1769047008310,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2017, an outbreak of gastroenteritis in England attributed to <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3291\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> Adjame was detected and investigated. With the introduction of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for microbial typing, methods for comparing international outbreak data require evaluation. A case was defined as a person resident in England with a clinical sample from 1 June 2017 to 27 July 2017 from whom <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Adjame was isolated. Cases were interviewed and exposures analysed. Backward tracing of food provenance was undertaken. WGS was performed on isolates from cases and historical isolates and compared using Public Health England\u2019s SnapperDB high-quality SNP pipeline and Enterobase\u2019s <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3291\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme. In total, 14 cases were identified. The majority were vegetarian, probably of South Asian descent, with a median age of 66.5\u2009years with no recent international travel reported. Cases consumed a range of fresh food products including herbs and spices bought from South Asian grocers. Backward tracing did not identify a common source. WGS typing showed sub-clustering and considerable genetic variation across human samples. cgMLST allele-based analysis was comparable to SNP-derived phylogenetic analysis and clusters were defined using each method. Imported herbs or spices were suspected vehicles. The cases were linked in time and place but WGS showed marked heterogeneity, atypical of a point source <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3291\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> outbreak. The application of incorporating SNP or allelic differences into the case definition may not always be appropriate. With further validation, cgMLST could be used for international outbreak alerts when WGS analysis is being undertaken to facilitate comparison.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T15:13:40Z","timestamp":1547651620000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genomic approaches used to investigate an atypical outbreak of Salmonella Adjame"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marie Anne","family":"Chattaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bGastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nastassya","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bField Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Painset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1\u200bGastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3\u200bNorth West London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bField Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsie","family":"Acheampong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3\u200bNorth West London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3\u200bNorth West London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4\u200bPublic Health Laboratory, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5\u200bCentre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sergeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6\u200bUniversity of Warwick, Warwick, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Cormican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7\u200bSchool of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Litrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8\u200bBacterial Typing, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Crook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2\u200bField Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650733"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"661","article-title":"[3 new Salmonella serotypes isolated in Ivory Coast: S. ebrie=35:g,m,t:-; 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