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Secreting at least 25 proteins, including degradative enzymes, eukaryotic-like proteins and novel effectors, this T2SS contributes to the ability of \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> to grow at low temperatures, infect amoebal and macrophage hosts, damage lung tissue, evade the immune system, and undergo sliding motility. The genes encoding the T2SS are conserved across the genus \n \n Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, which includes 62 species and >30 pathogens in addition to \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>. The vast majority of effectors associated with \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> are shared by a large number of \n \n Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> species, hinting at a critical role for them in the ecology of \n \n Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> as a whole. However, no other species has the same repertoire as \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, with, as a general rule, phylogenetically more closely related species sharing similar sets of effectors. T2SS effectors that are involved in infection of a eukaryotic host(s) are more prevalent throughout \n \n Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, indicating that they are under stronger selective pressure. The \n \n Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> T2SS apparatus is closest to that of \n \n Aquicella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> (another parasite of amoebae), and a significant number of \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> effectors have their closest homologues in \n \n Aquicella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>. Thus, the T2SS of \n \n L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> probably originated within the order \n \n Legionellales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, with some of its effectors having arisen within that \n \n Aquicella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>-like progenitor, while other effectors derived from the amoebal host, mimiviruses, fungi and less closely related bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T17:12:55Z","timestamp":1559754775000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Assessing the impact, genomics and evolution of type II secretion across a large, medically important genus: the Legionella type II secretion paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard C.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Cianciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972201"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.09.008"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.8.2360-2367.1991","article-title":"Risk factors for contamination of domestic hot water systems by legionellae","volume":"57","author":"Alary","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.41.1.9-16.1981","article-title":"Ecological distribution of Legionella pneumophila","volume":"41","author":"Fliermans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02191-06"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020390"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12439"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.01.024"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.037853-0"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.068940-0"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001357"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12366"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30144-5_94","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes - 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