{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T08:35:21Z","timestamp":1788683721569,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Penicillin-non-susceptible <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5677\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> (PNSP) were first detected in the 1960s, and are now common worldwide, predominantly through the international spread of a limited number of strains. Extant PNSP are characterized by mosaic <jats:italic>pbp2x<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pbp2b<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pbp1a<\/jats:italic> genes generated by interspecies recombinations, with the extent of these alterations determining the range and concentrations of \u03b2-lactams to which the genotype is non-susceptible. The complexity of the genetics underlying these phenotypes has been the subject of both molecular microbiology and genome-wide association and epistasis analyses. 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