{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:22:01Z","timestamp":1787962921690,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide and the causative agent of trachoma. Its strains are classified according to their\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes, which are strongly linked to differential tissue tropism and disease outcomes [ocular disease, urogenital disease and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)]. While the genome-based species phylogenetic tree presents four main clades correlating with tropism\/prevalence, namely ocular, LGV, urogenital T1 (more prevalent genotypes) and urogenital T2 (less prevalent genotypes), inter-clade exchange of\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    is considered a rare phenomenon probably mediating marked tropism alterations. An LGV epidemic, associated with the clonal expansion of the L2b genotype, has emerged in the last few decades, raising concerns particularly due to its atypical clinical presentation (ulcerative proctitis) and circulation among men who have sex with men (MSM). Here, we report an LGV outbreak, mostly affecting human immunodeficiency virus-positive MSM engaging in high-risk sexual practices, caused by an L2b strain with a rather unique non-LGV\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    signature that precluded the laboratory notification of this outbreak as LGV.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    whole-genome capture and sequencing directly from clinical samples was applied to deeply characterize the genomic backbone of this novel LGV outbreak-causing clone. It revealed a chimeric genome structure due to the genetic transfer of\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and four neighbouring genes from a serovar D\/Da strain, likely possessing the genomic backbone associated with the more prevalent urogenital genotypes (T1 clade), to an LGV (L2b) strain. The hybrid L2b\/D-Da strain presents the adhesin and immunodominant antigen MOMP (major outer membrane protein) (encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) with an epitope repertoire typical of non-invasive genital strains, while keeping the genome-dispersed virulence fingerprint of a classical LGV strain. As previously reported for inter-clade\n                    <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    exchange among non-LGV clades, this novel\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic mosaic involving a contemporary epidemiologically and clinically relevant LGV strain may have implications on its transmission, tissue tropism and pathogenic capabilities. The emergence of variants with epidemic and pathogenic potential highlights the need for more focused surveillance strategies to capture\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    evolution in action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1573125140000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chlamydia trachomatis: when the virulence-associated genome backbone imports a prevalence-associated major antigen signature"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), National Institute of Health, Lisbon, 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