{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:08:53Z","timestamp":1767906533710,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the nationwide epidemiology of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, using whole-genome sequencing of all culture-positive cases, which comprise roughly 40\u200a% of all cases of gonorrhea reported in Norway from 2016 to 2017. Isolates were assigned to sequence types and Bayesian analysis clusters and variation in genes coding for antibiotic resistance was linked to phenotypic resistance data. The study also included isolates taken from the same patients from different anatomical sites at one or more time points. Comparing these isolates allows for observation of patterns of infections, i.e. multiple reinfections of genetically related clones vs. reinfections of genetically distant clones, and quantification of the genomic variation of closely related isolates from samples taken from a patient within the same day. Demographically, the patients in the study could be split into two groups; one group of patients from the capital with a high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM), and another consisting of young adults with transmission primarily between males and females from outside the capital. Some clusters of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> were restricted to one of these two demographic groups. Pairwise comparison of multiple isolates from the same patients revealed that most were reinfected with different clones. Observations of frequent reinfections in patients is a concern and should be taken into account in the development of improved information and treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T17:17:36Z","timestamp":1585243056000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Genomic epidemiology and population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Norway, 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Alfsnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vegard","family":"Eldholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3757-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Olaug","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"National Advisory Unit for Sexually Transmitted Infections, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola Br\u00f8nstad","family":"Brynildsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Bohlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Steinbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00d8stfold Hospital Trust, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Gr\u00e5lum, Norway"},{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"R2","article-title":"Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance.","year":"2018"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199705000-00007"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197401172900301"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472837"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.169"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-6-979"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0009-2015"},{"key":"R9","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for the Treatment Of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae","year":"2016"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800323"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix485"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3"},{"key":"R13","article-title":"Gonorrhoea - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2014. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.","year":"2016"},{"key":"R14","article-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017 - National Profile - Overview - Gonorrhea. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2018"},{"key":"R15","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections and Screening for Chlamydia in England, 2017","volume":"12","year":"2018"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30225-1"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw279"},{"key":"R18","article-title":"Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to investigate the distribution and evolution of antimicrobial-resistance determinants and lineages","volume":"4","author":"Yahara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbial genomics"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13871"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3806-3"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169892"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07235-5"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr330"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx610"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383047"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst028"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.241455.118"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3528-4"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000720"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499509551795"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v51n03_03"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz079"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20015-x"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01295-13"},{"key":"R40","article-title":"European guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults.","year":"2012"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6507a1"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002499"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05760-11"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052312"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.23.1800287"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30122-1"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.042648"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01775-12"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19568","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.19.19568-en","article-title":"Spectinomycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea","volume":"15","author":"Gil-Setas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513847"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.020"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.024554"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30157-8"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000359?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T04:27:56Z","timestamp":1702614476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000359","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-5858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}}}