{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:48:36Z","timestamp":1780598916776,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project: LE 1813\/14-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project: LE 1813\/14-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n Many non-human primate species in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with\n \n \n Treponema pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , the bacterium causing yaws in humans. In humans, yaws is often characterized by lesions of the extremities and face, while\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n causes venereal syphilis and is typically characterized by primary lesions on the genital, anal or oral mucosae. It remains unclear whether other\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subspecies found in humans also occur in non-human primates and how the genomic diversity of non-human primate\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n lineages is distributed across hosts and space. We observed orofacial and genital lesions in sooty mangabeys (\n Cercocebus atys<\/jats:italic>\n ) in Ta\u00ef National Park, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and collected swabs and biopsies from symptomatic animals. We also collected non-human primate bones from 8 species in Ta\u00ef National Park and 16 species from 11 other sites across sub-Saharan Africa. Samples were screened for\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n DNA using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and we used in-solution hybridization capture to sequence\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genomes. We generated three nearly complete\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genomes from biopsies and swabs and detected treponemal DNA in bones of six non-human primate species in five countries, allowing us to reconstruct three partial genomes. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that both orofacial and genital lesions in sooty mangabeys from Ta\u00ef National Park were caused by\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n . We showed that\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n has infected non-human primates in Ta\u00ef National Park for at least 28\u2009years and has been present in two non-human primate species that had not been described as\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n hosts in this ecosystem, western chimpanzees (\n Pan troglodytes verus<\/jats:italic>\n ) and western red colobus (\n Piliocolobus badius<\/jats:italic>\n ), complementing clinical evidence that started accumulating in Ta\u00ef National Park in 2014. More broadly, simian\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n strains did not form monophyletic clades based on host species or the symptoms caused, but rather clustered based on geography. Geographical clustering of\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genomes might be compatible with cross-species transmission of\n \n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n pertenue<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n within ecosystems or environmental exposure, leading to the acquisition of closely related strains. Finally, we found no evidence for mutations that confer antimicrobial resistance.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T12:23:10Z","timestamp":1604060590000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geographically structured genomic diversity of non-human primate-infecting Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-3602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mubemba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia"},{"name":"Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan 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