{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:18:25Z","timestamp":1790709505377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DO789\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DO789\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["281125614\/GRK2220, A3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["281125614\/GRK2220, A3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The bacterial genotoxin colibactin interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle by causing dsDNA breaks. It has been linked to bacterially induced colorectal cancer in humans. Colibactin is encoded by a 54\u2009kb genomic region in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"family\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3091\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . The colibactin genes commonly co-occur with the yersiniabactin biosynthetic determinant. Investigating the prevalence and sequence diversity of the colibactin determinant and its linkage to the yersiniabactin operon in prokaryotic genomes, we discovered mainly species-specific lineages of the colibactin determinant and classified three main structural settings of the colibactin\u2013yersiniabactin genomic region in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"family\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3091\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    . The colibactin gene cluster has a similar but not identical evolutionary track to that of the yersiniabactin operon. Both determinants could have been acquired on several occasions and\/or exchanged independently between enterobacteria by horizontal gene transfer. Integrative and conjugative elements play(ed) a central role in the evolution and structural diversity of the colibactin\u2013yersiniabactin genomic region. Addition of an activating and regulating module (\n                    <jats:italic>clbAR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to the biosynthesis and transport module (\n                    <jats:italic>clbB-S<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) represents the most recent step in the evolution of the colibactin determinant. In a first attempt to correlate colibactin expression with individual lineages of colibactin determinants and different bacterial genetic backgrounds, we compared colibactin expression of selected enterobacterial isolates\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Colibactin production in the tested\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3202\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Klebsiella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    species and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3137\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Citrobacter koseri<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    strains was more homogeneous and generally higher than that in most of the\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates studied. Our results improve the understanding of the diversity of colibactin determinants and its expression level, and may contribute to risk assessment of colibactin-producing enterobacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T13:16:15Z","timestamp":1623762975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Insights into evolution and coexistence of the colibactin- and yersiniabactin secondary metabolite determinants in enterobacterial populations"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Haleluya","family":"Wami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Wallenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, 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