{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1763018377774,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), the invasive infection of the sexually transmissible infection (STI) <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7767\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, is caused by strains from the LGV biovar, most commonly represented by <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotypes L2b and L2. We investigated the diversity in LGV samples across an international collection over seven\u2009years using typing and genome sequencing. LGV-positive samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=321) from eight countries collected between 2011 and 2017 (Spain <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=97, Netherlands <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=67, Switzerland <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=64, Australia <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=53, Sweden <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=37, Hungary <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=31, Czechia <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=30, Slovenia <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10) were genotyped for <jats:italic>pmpH<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic> variants. All were found to contain the 9 bp insertion in the <jats:italic>pmpH<\/jats:italic> gene, previously associated with <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2b. However, analysis of the <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic> gene shows <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2b (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=83), <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=180) and several variants of these (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=52; 12 variant types), as well as other\/mixed <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotypes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6). To elucidate the genomic diversity, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed from selected samples using SureSelect target enrichment, resulting in 42 genomes, covering a diversity of <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotypes and representing most of the countries sampled. A phylogeny of these data clearly shows that these <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotypes derive from an <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2b ancestor, carrying up to eight SNPs per isolate. SNPs within <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic> are overrepresented among genomic changes in these samples, each of which results in an amino acid change in the variable domains of OmpA (major outer membrane protein, MOMP). A reversion to <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2 with the L2b genomic backbone is commonly seen. The wide diversity of <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotypes found in these recent LGV samples indicates that this gene is under immunological selection. Our results suggest that the <jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>-genotype L2b genomic backbone is the dominant strain circulating and evolving particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T14:29:24Z","timestamp":1624976964000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ongoing evolution of Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum: exploring the genomic diversity of circulating strains"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6082-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena M. 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