{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T15:58:33Z","timestamp":1765382313163,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council"},{"name":"Cambridge Africa Partnership for Research Excellence"},{"name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and AMR Research Capital Funding Scheme","award":["NIHR200640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200640"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and AMR Research Capital Funding Scheme","award":["NIHR200640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200640"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the evolution, phylogeny and antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2947\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> O1 isolates (VCO1) from Ghana. Outbreak and environmental sources of VCO1 were characterized, whole-genome sequenced and compared to globally available seventh pandemic (7P) strains of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2947\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> at SNP resolution. Final analyses included 636 isolates. Novel Ghanaian isolates clustered into three distinct clades (clades 1, 2 and 3) in wave 3 of the 7P lineage. The closest relatives of our novel Ghanaian isolates were from Benin, Cameroon, Togo, Niger and Nigeria. All novel Ghanaian isolates were multi-drug resistant. Environmental isolates clustered into clade 2, despite being isolated years later, showing the possibility of persistence and re-emergence of older clades. A lag phase of several years from estimated introduction to reported cases suggests pathogen persistence in the absence of reported cholera cases. These results highlight the importance of deeper surveillance for understanding transmission routes between bordering countries and planning tailored vaccination campaigns in an effort to eradicate cholera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T14:16:05Z","timestamp":1635516965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phylogenetic and antimicrobial drug resistance analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Japheth A.","family":"Opintan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George K.","family":"Kuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Akumwena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gifty","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godfred","family":"Owusu-Okyere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorreta","family":"Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Opare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agila Kumari","family":"Pragasam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthick","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India"},{"name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1425-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veeraraghavan","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercy J.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Mutreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India"},{"name":"Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"year":"2021","key":"R1","article-title":"WHO Fact Sheet: Cholera. 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