{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:39:55Z","timestamp":1759160395901,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of culture independent diagnostic testing for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> infection has led to gaps in surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates due to limited availability of cultures. Our study reports the findings of a second national survey of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> in New Zealand, utilizing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to study the population structure, prevalence of AMR, epidemiology and transmission of gonorrhoea isolates. We analysed 314 isolates and found a strong correlation between carriage of acquired resistance genes or chromosomal point mutations and phenotypic susceptibility testing results. Overall, the New Zealand rates of azithromycin resistance and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone remain lower than in most countries, which are part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP). The phylogeny provides evidence of a diverse population significantly associated with sexual behaviour groups. Transmission clustering with a ten single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cut-off identified 49 clusters, of which ten were solely associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), whereas remaining clusters included heterosexual patients, as well as MSM, suggesting that bridging of sexual networks is occurring. Utilizing pairwise SNP differences between isolates of the same sequence types we determined genetic variation for the three typing schemes used in this study [Multi locus sequence typing (MLST), multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR)]. A median of 0.0 to 52.5 pairwise SNP differences within a single NG-STAR sequence type underlines previous findings of the superiority of the NG-STAR typing scheme in terms of genomic inherency. With our analysis incorporating epidemiological and genomic data, we were able to show a comprehensive overview of the <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> population circulating in New Zealand, focussing on AMR and transmission within sexual networks. Regular surveillance studies to understand the origin, evolution and spread of AMR for gonorrhoea remain necessary to make informed decisions about public health guidelines, as the internationally rising rates of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance have already led to adaptation of current treatment guidelines in the UK and the USA, highlighting the importance of regular surveillance in individual countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T11:16:37Z","timestamp":1636542997000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The antimicrobial resistance landscape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand from November 2018 to March 2019 and the role of sexual orientation in transmission"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Straub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Auckland 1025, New Zealand"},{"name":"Genomics Aotearoa, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Callum","family":"Thirkell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua 5022, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Tiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua 5022, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua 5022, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua 5022, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2508-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin H.","family":"Dyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua 5022, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2020.06.004"},{"volume-title":"Report on Global Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance, 2018","year":"2018","key":"R2"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc.79370"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4329"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819453.ch12"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212800618138"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054515"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-121"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051020"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12053-4"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1512757"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002366"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000480"},{"volume-title":"WHO Guidelines For The Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","year":"2016","key":"R15"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472837"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019048-200206000-00012"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a6"},{"article-title":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2019) [Internet]","year":"2019","author":"Fifer","key":"R19"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.12.007"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02005-19"},{"volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand, 2014-15","year":"2015","author":"Heffernan","key":"R22"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx405"},{"volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; 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