{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:54:12Z","timestamp":1790506452328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1 U19 FD007114-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 U19 FD007114-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PEN4522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEN4522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11017\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> serovar Typhimurium (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium) within passerines has resulted in pathoadaptation of this serovar to the avian host in Europe. Recently, we identified an <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium lineage from passerines in North America. The emergence of passerine-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium in Europe and North America raises questions regarding its evolutionary origin. Here, we demonstrated that the UK and US passerine-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium shared a common ancestor from <jats:italic>ca<\/jats:italic>. 1838, and larids played a key role in the clonal expansion by disseminating the common ancestor between North America and Europe. Further, we identified virulence gene signatures common in the passerine- and larid-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium, including conserved pseudogenes in fimbrial gene <jats:italic>lpfD<\/jats:italic> and Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) effector gene <jats:italic>steC<\/jats:italic>. However, the UK and US passerine-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium also possessed unique virulence gene signatures (i.e. pseudogenes in fimbrial gene <jats:italic>fimC<\/jats:italic> and T3SS effector genes <jats:italic>sspH2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>gogB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sseJ<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sseK2<\/jats:italic>), and the majority of them (38\/47) lost a virulence plasmid pSLT that was present in the larid-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium. These results provide evidence that passerine-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium share a common ancestor with those from larids, and the divergence of passerine- and larid-adapted <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium might be due to pseudogenization or loss of specific virulence genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T15:18:25Z","timestamp":1645629505000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evidence for common ancestry and microevolution of passerine-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the UK and USA"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yezhi","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and 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