{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:07:26Z","timestamp":1790730446310,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008717","name":"Sylvia and Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Senior Medical Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior Medical Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1175797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1175797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"abstract":"\n Linear plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements that have been found in a small number of bacterial species. To date, the only linear plasmids described in the family\n \n \n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n belong to\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , first found in\n \n \n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n Typhi. Here, we describe a collection of 12 isolates of the\n \n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species complex in which we identified linear plasmids. Screening of assembly graphs assembled from public read sets identified linear plasmid structures in a further 13\n \n \n K<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n \n \n pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species complex genomes. We used these 25 linear plasmid sequences to query all bacterial genome assemblies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and discovered an additional 61 linear plasmid sequences in a variety of\n \n \n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species. Gene content analysis divided these plasmids into five distinct phylogroups, with very few genes shared across more than two phylogroups. The majority of linear plasmid-encoded genes are of unknown function; however, each phylogroup carried its own unique toxin\u2013antitoxin system and genes with homology to those encoding the ParAB plasmid stability system. Passage\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n of the 12 linear plasmid-carrying\n \n \n Klebsiella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates in our collection (which include representatives of all five phylogroups) indicated that these linear plasmids can be stably maintained, and our data suggest they can transmit between\n \n \n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n strains (including members of globally disseminated multidrug-resistant clones) and also between diverse\n \n \n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n species. The linear plasmid sequences, and representative isolates harbouring them, are made available as a resource to facilitate future studies on the evolution and function of these novel plasmids.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:19:33Z","timestamp":1649837973000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Linear plasmids in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9661-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Hawkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Cottingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, 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