{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:21:48Z","timestamp":1790727708545,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09150181910001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150181910001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"abstract":"\n \n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and systemic infections. Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers that are important for\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n nasal colonization, phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer, and antibiotic resistance. WTAs consist of a polymerized ribitol phosphate (RboP) chain that can be glycosylated with\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by three glycosyltransferases: TarS, TarM, and TarP. TarS and TarP modify WTA with \u03b2-linked GlcNAc at the C-4 (\u03b21,4-GlcNAc) and the C-3 position (\u03b21,3-GlcNAc) of the RboP subunit, respectively, whereas TarM modifies WTA with \u03b1-linked GlcNAc at the C-4 position (\u03b11,4-GlcNAc). Importantly, these WTA glycosylation patterns impact immune recognition and clearance of\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n . Previous studies suggest that\n tarS<\/jats:italic>\n is near-universally present within the\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n population, whereas a smaller proportion co-contain either\n tarM<\/jats:italic>\n or\n tarP<\/jats:italic>\n . To gain more insight into the presence and genetic variation of\n tarS<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n tarM<\/jats:italic>\n and\n tarP<\/jats:italic>\n in the\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n population, we analysed a collection of 25\u2009652\n \n \n S<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n .\n \n \n aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genomes within the PubMLST database. Over 99\u200a% of isolates contained\n tarS<\/jats:italic>\n . Co-presence of\n tarS<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n tarM<\/jats:italic>\n or\n tarS<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n tarP<\/jats:italic>\n occurred in 37 and 7\u200a% of isolates, respectively, and was associated with specific\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n clonal complexes. We also identified 26 isolates (0.1\u200a%) that contained all three glycosyltransferase genes. At sequence level, we identified\n tar<\/jats:italic>\n alleles with amino acid substitutions in critical enzymatic residues or with premature stop codons. Several\n tar<\/jats:italic>\n variants were expressed in a\n S. aureus tar<\/jats:italic>\n -negative strain. Analysis using specific monoclonal antibodies and human langerin showed that WTA glycosylation was severely attenuated or absent. Overall, our data provide a broad overview of the genetic diversity of the three WTA glycosyltransferases in the\n \n \n S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n population and the functional consequences for immune recognition.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T11:16:59Z","timestamp":1670411819000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferases affects immune recognition"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Tamminga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7506-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon L.","family":"V\u00f6lpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thilo","family":"Stehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Pannekoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina M.","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The 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