{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1783362362187,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IZJFZ3-177614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZJFZ3-177614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IZJFZ3-177614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZJFZ3-177614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>South-East Asian countries report a high prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESC-) and colistin-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> (Col-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic>). However, there are still few studies describing the molecular mechanisms and transmission dynamics of ESC-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> and, especially, Col-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and transmission dynamics of <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> containing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (<jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>) genes using a 'One Health' design in Thailand. The ESC-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> and Col-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> isolates of human stool samples (69 pig farmers, 155 chicken farmers, and 61 non-farmers), rectal swabs from animals (269 pigs and 318 chickens), and the intestinal contents of 196 rodents were investigated. Resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics of <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=638) were studied using short and long read sequencing. We found higher rates of ESBL-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> isolates among pig farmers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=36; 52.2%) than among chicken farmers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=58; 37.4\u200a%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) and the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=61; 31.1\u200a%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> with co-occurring ESBL and <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> genes were found in 17 (6.0\u200a%), 50 (18.6\u200a%) and 15 (4.7\u200a%) samples from humans, pigs and chickens, respectively. We also identified 39 (13.7\u200a%) human samples with non-identical <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> containing ESBL and <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>. We found higher rates of ESBL-<jats:italic>Ec,<\/jats:italic> in particular CTX-M-55<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> isolates among pig farmers than among non-pig farmers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). 'Clonal' animal-human transmission of ESBL-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> genes was identified but rare as we overall found a heterogenous population structure of <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic>. The Col-R-<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> from human and animal samples often carried <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-1.1 on conjugative IncX4 plasmids. The latter has been identified in <jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> of many different clonal backgrounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T15:18:35Z","timestamp":1679584715000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The risk of pig and chicken farming for carriage and transmission of Escherichia coli containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Duangdao","family":"Sudatip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisant\u00e9, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, 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