{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:18:36Z","timestamp":1776705516068,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679443200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRQNT B3X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRQNT B3X"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-03709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-03709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002805","name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f\u00f6r Vetenskaplig Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CTS 15:184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS 15:184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009252","name":"Science for Life Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Swedish Genomes and Biodiversity 2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Swedish Genomes and Biodiversity 2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.10820\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    are host-adapted bacteria that infect and reproduce primarily in amoeboid protists. Using similar infection mechanisms, they infect human macrophages, and cause Legionnaires\u2019 disease, an atypical pneumonia, and the milder Pontiac fever. We hypothesized that, despite the similarities in infection mechanisms, the hosts are different enough that there exist high-selective value mutations that would dramatically increase the fitness of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2337\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Legionella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    inside the human host. By comparing a large number of isolates from independent infections, we identified two genes, mutated in three unrelated patients, despite the short duration of the incubation period (2\u201314\u2009days). One is a gene coding for an outer membrane protein (OMP) belonging to the OmpP1\/FadL family. The other is a gene coding for an EAL-domain-containing protein involved in cyclic-di-GMP regulation, which in turn modulates flagellar activity. The clinical strain, carrying the mutated EAL-domain-containing homologue, grows faster in macrophages than the wild-type strain, and thus appears to be better adapted to the human host. As human-to-human transmission is very rare, fixation of these mutations into the population and spread into the environment is unlikely. Therefore, parallel evolution \u2013 here mutations in the same genes observed in independent human infections \u2013 could point to adaptations to the accidental human host. These results suggest that despite the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.10820\" xlink:type=\"simple\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    to infect, replicate in and exit from macrophages, its human-specific adaptations are unlikely to be fixed in the population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T13:16:32Z","timestamp":1679490992000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid adaptations of Legionella pneumophila to the human host"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani\u00ebl","family":"Leenheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3229-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00edsa B.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Paranjape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3310-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5750-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Jarraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Inserm, U1111, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France"},{"name":"French National Reference Center of Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5597-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Ginevra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Inserm, U1111, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France"},{"name":"French National Reference Center of Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8354-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy185"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.12.1179"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842x(96)10041-x"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134726"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/25474"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972202"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112517"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60078-2"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1505356"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12638"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02111283"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-019-09912-5"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000094"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70277-3"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026907"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2478"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113219109"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04292-14"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018444108"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3114"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.161.1.80-84.1985"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.5.1395-1402.1999"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-536"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006855"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.209536.116"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0663-7"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01556"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103852"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00362-16"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es2015.20.28.21186"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814000375"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix153"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002175"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ870"},{"key":"R35","article-title":"FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354"},{"key":"R37","article-title":"SeqPrep","author":"St. John","year":"2011"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"R40","article-title":"RedDog","author":"Edwards","year":"2022"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1224503"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111678108"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1131"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00548-20"},{"key":"R45","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000166"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki198"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.25674"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu426"},{"key":"R53","article-title":"SDBW","author":"H\u00e4gglund","year":"2022"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp259"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-1016-7"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(15)30543-3"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030337"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002175"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12311"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.11.002"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.13.4645"},{"key":"R63","article-title":"Guidelines for drinking-water quality","year":"2022"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-1923-1"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3377"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07678"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2011.587"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093426"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02595.x"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2011.12.024"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00043-12"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.01.001"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2109"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.12.008"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2203"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00703.x"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0304916101"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000508"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01249.x"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00316-10"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.053579"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01077-13"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00610-09"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000958?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T13:16:38Z","timestamp":1679490998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000958","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.23.492981","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-5858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]}}}